While 46% of India's agricultural labor provides only 18% of the country's GDP by providing basic ingredients for humankind and raw materials for industrialization, 2.5 billion people worldwide work in the agriculture sector. Following the green revolution, a variety of agricultural techniques were developed, including chemical pesticides and herbicides, which further increased crop yields by successfully controlling the infestation of weeds and other pests. To attain the objective of regional and global food security, technical interventions are required in the fundamentals of food processing, quality assurance, and the identification, diagnosis, and prevention of catastrophic risk. Through molecular recognition materials, antigen–antibody contact, and the ensuing transmission mechanism, recent developments in biosensing technologies and material sciences have been essential in comprehending the dynamics of agricultural processes. One analytical tool that converts biological reactions into electrical signals is a biosensor. Piezoelectric, thermal, DNA-based, tissue-based, enzyme-based, and immune-based biosensors are some examples. Numerous agricultural applications, including the evaluation of toxins in soils and crops, the identification and diagnosis of infectious diseases in crops and animals, online monitoring of important food process parameters, the measurement of animal reproduction, and veterinary medication screening, can make use of biosensors. Ex vivo or in vivo injections of genetically modified proteins into cells are used to create cell- and tissue-based biosensors. The agriculture industry has also been greatly impacted by technological developments in the fields of nanobiosenors, bioelectronics, material science, miniaturization techniques, electrode design, fabrication technology, nanolithography, and microfluidics. It is necessary to focus our research on improving a biosensor's shelf life in order to boost end-user acceptance. As biosensors' fundamental properties improve, they will be widely used in important yet difficult agricultural fields.