X70 steel, a high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel, is extensively utilized in energy transport pipelines due to its exceptional mechanical properties, including robustness, ductility, and resistance to high-pressure environments. Despite these advantages, X70 steel is susceptible to crevice corrosion, a localized form of corrosion that occurs in confined spaces, such as overlaps, joints, or gaps. This type of corrosion can severely compromise the structural integrity and longevity of pipelines, leading to costly maintenance and safety concerns.

This study focuses on understanding the complex mechanisms underlying the crevice corrosion of X70 steel when exposed to a 0.3 M NaCl solution. A two-dimensional multi-physics finite element model was employed to simulate the corrosion process, providing valuable insights into the electrochemical phenomena involved.

The findings indicate a heterogeneous distribution of electrochemical potential within the crevice, accompanied by an exponential decrease in current density as the depth increases. This behavior is largely attributed to the ohmic drop (IR) effect. Additionally, geometric deformations were observed to progressively intensify, with the most severe damage occurring near the crevice opening. These results emphasize the need for improved designs and mitigation strategies to minimize the risks associated with crevice corrosion in X70 steel pipelines, thereby enhancing their safety, longevity, and durability in service.