This study presents a thorough exploration of borosilicate microglass balloons (MGBs) with a focus on their potential application in aerospace engineering. The research encompasses the preparation, characterization, and modification of MGBs utilizing advanced techniques aimed at enhancing their functionality and performance within aerospace composite materials. Initial efforts involved the synthesis of MGBs according to established protocols, followed by meticulous characterization employing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). SEM analysis provided insights into the particle size distribution, with a particular emphasis on the AlSi10Mg alloy, revealing an average size of 35 µm. Concurrent EDS examination confirmed the elemental composition of the alloy. Subsequent utilization of MGBs as reinforcement within the AlSi10Mg matrix revealed an average particle size of 75 µm, with EDS analysis identifying key constituent elements, including Si, O, Na, Ca, and Au. To further enhance the properties of MGBs, systematic surface treatments were conducted under varying chemical compositions and temperatures, guided by Taguchi methods. Post-treatment SEM analysis demonstrated a notable reduction in average particle size to 60 µm, corroborated by EDS analysis of the altered chemical makeup. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provided valuable insights into the formation of essential chemical bonds, particularly C-C and C-O bonds, indicative of improved covalent bonding and mechanical properties. Additionally, activation treatments were implemented to introduce functional groups onto the MGB surface, as confirmed by SEM analysis, revealing a particle size distribution averaging 75 µm. EDS analysis further detected the presence of catalytic elements such as Cu, Ag, and Bi, contributing to enhanced layer adhesion. FTIR analysis confirmed the establishment of crucial C-O and CH3 bonds, significantly augmenting surface wettability and adhesion properties.