Introduction: Antibacterial coatings are becoming essential in construction materials to prevent microbial growth and improve hygiene, particularly in environments prone to bacterial contamination. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have emerged as a highly effective antimicrobial additive, offering unique properties such as high surface area, photocatalytic activity, and the ability to generate reactive oxygen species. When incorporated into cementitious coatings, ZnO nanoparticles provide dual benefits by enhancing both mechanical properties and antimicrobial functionality.

Methods: Recent advancements highlight the potential of ZnO-enhanced cement coatings to inhibit common pathogens, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity stems from the nanoparticles' ability to disrupt bacterial membranes and produce reactive oxygen species, effectively controlling microbial growth.

Results: The addition of ZnO improves the durability and compressive strength of cement, ensuring the material's structural integrity. The uniform dispersion of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the cement matrix contributes to consistent antibacterial performance and increased durability.

Conclusion: Recent studies have shown that ZnO-based antibacterial coatings represent a sustainable and innovative approach to addressing hygiene challenges in construction while maintaining high material performance. Future research is needed to optimize nanoparticle concentrations, ensure long-term antimicrobial efficacy, and evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of these coatings. This integration of functionality and durability underscores the transformative potential of ZnO nanoparticle-based coatings in modern construction and infrastructure.