Abstract

The use of nanostructured and biodegradable coatings is of great importance in the field of biomedical engineering with regard to implantable medical devices, drug delivery systems and even controlled release mechanisms for medicine. These types of coatings utilize the advantages of nanotechnology to improve the surface properties of diverse materials, which include structures that are more compatible with biological tissues, enhanced mechanical strength, and functionalization. Coatings that include nanoparticles or nanofibers, for example, are referred to as nanostructured coatings. These coatings have enhanced antimicrobial properties, greater cell adhesion, and controlled release of drugs. Such characteristics make them suitable for the treatment of wounds, surgical implants, and tissue engineering scaffolds.

Some biodegradable coatings are fabricated from polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and even chitosan, which reduce environmental impacts and do not require surgical extraction after application. They are especially useful in drug-eluting systems, where the degradation of the coating material after the process is used to ensure that controlled and sustained release of the drug is achieved, which dramatically increases the desirable therapeutic action and significantly decreases side effects.

It is also noteworthy that the merging of nanostructured features and biodegradable materials produces hybrid coatings suitable for stents, orthopedic implants, and biosensors, which employ composite materials with composite properties. These coatings also aid in early diagnosis and treatment through personalized medicine. As materials science and nanotechnology progress, the world’s focus is on integrating the use of nanostructured and biodegradable coatings, which will surely help modern biomedical applications with their great innovations, safety, and improvements in patient treatment.