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Suitability of Apium graveolens var. secalinum for hydroponic cultivation in baby leaf production.
* 1 , 2 , 2 , 2
1  Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università di Palermo
2  Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Academic Editor: Konstantina Argyropoulou

Abstract:

Consumers are constantly seeking innovative foods that could provide nutraceutical substances that are beneficial for their health. This has resulted in the search for new or underutilized leafy vegetables with the potential to satisfy consumers' demand for new healthy food while concurrently promoting the diversification of crops, the expansion of cultivation areas, and the enhancement of agrobiodiversity. Cutting celery (Apium graveolens var. secalinum) differs from ribbed celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce) in terms of its smaller size, shorter leaves, reduced petiole length, and higher aromatic flavor. This research aimed to develop an agronomic protocol for the hydroponic cultivation of cutting celery to produce baby leaves for fresh-cut products. The seeds of a local ecotype of cutting celery were sown (January and April 2023) in trays filled with a commercial substrate at two growing densities (615 or 947 plants m-2). The plants were grown in a greenhouse with an ebb-and-flow system supplementing, for each plant density, three different concentrations of nutrient solution as follows: 0 (control); FS, standard Hoagland's solution; and HS, 50% reduced Hoagland's solution. The leaves were harvested when the plants had 5-6 leaves by mowing them 3-4 cm above the plant collar. The regrowth capacity of the plants allowed us to perform a second round of mowing after approximately four weeks. For both mowing activities, the morphological, biochemical, and yield characteristics were evaluated. A sensory analysis was performed on the leaves from the first mowing activity of each growing season by a group of 20 non-specialized consumers aged between 24 and 60 years according to standardized methodologies. Soon after mowing was complete, the fresh-cut leaves from HS and FS were packed and stored at 4°C for 21 days to assess the shelf-life of the minimally processed product. The experimental factors influenced the morphological characteristics of the leaves in terms of length and leaf area. The total yield of the celery baby leaf was higher in winter than in spring. The availability of nutrients influenced the yield levels in various ways according to both the period and the plant density at cultivation. The shelf-life of the baby leaves surpassed 14 days for all the treatments. The sensory parameters were found to be influenced by the treatments and production cycle. The baby leaves of cutting celery had a good vitamin and mineral content, but this varied as a result of the growth parameters and growing season. Cutting celery was shown to be a suitable species for hydroponic cultivation and produced baby leaves with a good shelf-life and nutritional quality.

Keywords: Ready to eat, Cutting celery, Hydroponic cultivation, Shelf-life, Nutritional quality
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