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Phyllophaga ssp. damage to jicama roots during development: Effect on saccharide content
1 , * 1 , 1 , 2 , 3
1  National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, C.P. 07738, Mexico
2  Institute of Pharmacology, Universidad de la Cañada, Teotitlán de Flores Magón, C.P. 68540, Oaxaca, Mexico
3  Department of Agronomy, National Technological Institute of Mexico/IT of Roque, Guanajuato, C.P. 38194, Mexico
Academic Editor: Antonio Ferrante

Abstract:

Pachyrhizus erosus (jicama) is a tuberous root cultivated around the world and commonly used as food. Different authors report on their nutraceutical properties, such as the hypoglycemic effect of jicama aqueous extract, which helps in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and enhances the growth of Lactobacillus L. plantarum due to the presence of prebiotics. The aforementioned functional properties have been related to their saccharides, mainly fibers and oligosaccharides. The aim of this work was to follow the changes in starch, pectin, inulin and other simple saccharides in jicama roots during their growth that were damaged by Phyllophaga spp. Regarding the content of reducing sugars, it was observed that during the first two jicama collections (100 and 140 days), these increased (11.12%-18.63% control jicama and 11.98%-28.66% stress jicama), with a significant difference between the development periods (p>0.05) and stress. Regarding the percentage of total sugars, the presence of beetles did not affect the synthesis of the component, observing the minimum values at 100 days of development (11.67%). In the determination of starch, no significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between control jicama and with biotic stress at 100 days, but were at 140 days, while by development time the sample that presented the highest content was jicama, at 180 days. An effect of sample growth development was also observed. Regarding specific components, damaged jicama show smaller starch yield values (50%) than clean samples, while in most other cases, the biocomponents increased their concentration, most of them at 140 days of development, with sucrose being the most noticeable component (250 mg/g-350 mg/g). According to the chromatograms for inulin, nystose, kestose, sucrose, glucose, and fructose were found. In the case of pectin, the following compounds were found: galacturonic acid, glucose, xylose, and arabinose. Some other components only appear in damaged jicama (inulin). This behavior must be triggered by the presence of the parasite promoting different metabolic pathways. More studies are needed in this area.

Keywords: Pachyrhizus erosus, saccharides, HPLC and Phyllophaga spp.

 
 
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