The automatic detection and accurate geolocation of key railway objects plays a crucial role in the mapping, monitoring and management of railway infrastructure. This study presents a novel approach for the identification and geolocation of key railway elements through point cloud analysis. The methodology relies on high-density LiDAR point clouds acquired along railway lines using a Mobile Laser Scanning system operating in the Infrared (IR). This research contributes to the advancement of railway mapping and monitoring technologies by providing an innovative solution that can be integrated into railway infrastructure management software.