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Boletus satanas Lenz, a toxic wild mushroom from the northwest Algerian coast: morphological identification and mycochemical screening
* 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8
1  Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe Sciences, University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
2  Laboratory of Functional Agrosystems & Technologies of Agronomic Sectors, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe Sciences, University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
3  Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe Sciences, University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
4  Laboratory of Beneficial Microorganisms, Functional Food and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, 27000, Algeria
5  Laboratory Antibiotic, Antifungal, Physico-Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity, University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, Algeria
6  Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, Algeria
7  Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
8  Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, 13000, Algeria
Academic Editor: Joseph Barbieri

Abstract:

Toxic organisms are capable of producing harmful substances that can adversely affect other living organisms, including humans. Some mushrooms produce powerful toxins that can cause serious poisoning. Boletus satanas, with its impressive size and colour, is also renowned for its toxicity. It causes severe gastrointestinal disorders, with violent symptoms. It deserves particular attention due to its resemblance to certain edible boletus. This survey was carried out near the coastal region of Ghazaouet, in the Traras mountains, Tlemcen wilaya. The aim of the present study is to characterize the morphological features of this species and subsequently investigate the myco-chemical screening of the hydro-methanolic extract for the purpose of determining the predominant chemical families of its secondary metabolites using simple methods and techniques that can be rapidly applied. The results of mycochemical screening performed on the extract revealed the presence of substances belonging to classes of active compounds, including alkaloids, coumarins, free quinones, flavonoids, reducing compounds, terpenoids, and saponins. Tannins, anthraquinones and anthocyanins were absent. The morphological determination of this mushroom is based on a series of macroscopic and microscopic criteria. This mushroom is an ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete that grows mainly on calcareous soils, in symbiosis with some broadleaved trees. Its distinctive features include a massive morphology and contrasting colors. It can be recognized by its large pale cap, its red pores, its pot-bellied yellow stem with a red network, and its flesh, which turns blue when cut. Under the effect of Melzer's solution, the stipe undergoes an inamyloid reaction. The spore is olive brown to brown in colour. The spores measure 10-15 x 5.5-6.5 µm and are elliptical to sub-fusiform. These preliminary results encourage further research to assess and evaluate their biological activities.

Keywords: Toxic mushrooms; Boletus satanas; morphological recognition; biotoxic compounds, Traras Mountains, Ghazaouet coastline

 
 
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