Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous crystalline materials, consist of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic linkers. The metal center acts as a connection point where the organic ligands form a bridge through coordination, giving rise to one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional networks. The unique features of MOFs such as their exceptionally high surface area, chemical versatility and tunable porosity make them highly suitable for several applications, including gas storage, drug delivery, catalysis, and sensing. The fabrication technique plays an important role in modulating the functional and structural characteristics of MOFs, such as crystallinity, porosity, particle size, morphology, defect density, and adsorption behavior. Various synthesis techniques, including solvothermal, hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, mechanochemical, electrochemical, and sonochemical methods, have been used for the fabrication of MOFs. The selection and optimization of synthesis techniques significantly influence the fundamental framework structure, the existence of defects, the available active sites and the effectiveness of MOFs in special applications. This study focuses on advances in MOF fabrication techniques and examines their role in tuning the key properties of MOFs for targeted applications. Recent studies were collected and comparatively assessed to identify the correlation between fabrication conditions and the resulting physicochemical properties of MOFs. The insights of this work may guide researchers in selecting or designing appropriate fabrication strategies for the application-specific development of MOFs.