The growing global demand for food production places immense pressure on agricultural systems to produce more with fewer resources. Traditional farming practices often rely heavily on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, leading to soil erosion, water resource pollution, and a decline in crop quality. Exploring the plant rhizosphere, which hosts beneficial microorganisms such as rhizobacteria commonly name as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) presents a sustainable alternative. These microorganisms enhance plant growth and yield by stimulating the production of plant hormones, promoting biofertilization, and providing biocontrol against pathogens. This reduces the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Furthermore, their use supports soil health, minimizes environmental pollution, and preserves soil biodiversity, reducing public health risks associated with chemical residues in food and the environment.

The use of PGPR in Morocco and the Mediterranean region offers a sustainable solution to address challenges related to drought, soil salinity, and nutrient deficiencies, which are prevalent in this region. Native PGPR strains, particularly those with drought and salt tolerance, can enhance plant resilience by improving water use efficiency, nutrient uptake, and stress adaptation mechanisms. Their application in key crops such as wheat, barley, legumes, olives, and medicinal plants aligns with efforts to promote climate-resilient and low-input agriculture.

The aim of this study is to highlight the potential of the PGPR as an innovative solution to enhance the sustainability of agricultural systems while ensuring ecosystem health and food security.