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DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A TRACTOR-DRAWN MOULDBOARD RIDGER FOR CASSAVA PRODUCTION
1  Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana.
Academic Editor: Lorenzo Negri

Published: 20 October 2025 by MDPI in The 3rd International Online Conference on Agriculture session Crop Production
Abstract:

Ridged seedbed preparation is the most important procedure in cassava cultivation if mechanization is to be utilized in subsequent operations like planting, weeding and harvesting. Manual ridging is, however, characterized by high labour demands, requiring 108 man-days/ha compared to 2.44 to 3.33 h/ha for mechanized ridging. Weed infestation is a major challenge within cassava cropping systems, with yield losses varying between 40% and 94%. Manual weeding accounts for 50 to 80 percent of the overall production budget. The objective of this study was to develop a double-bottom mouldboard ridger and to evaluate its performance for ridging and weed control in cassava production. The implement was constructed from locally sourced materials using easily accessible manufacturing techniques. The developed mouldboard ridger was tested against a double-row disc ridger for draught, wheel slip, fuel consumption, weed control capacity, percentage crop damage and profile of constructed ridges. A techno-economic analysis was conducted on the two tractor-mounted ridgers to compare against the manual method for ridging and weeding. A hazard and operability study was also conducted on the double-bottom mouldboard ridger. The results showed a net draught force of 3.5kN and 6.0kN for the mouldboard and disc ridger, respectively, for weeding, while ridging recorded 5.4kN and 5.6kN. Fuel consumption for weeding was 4.6Ɩ/ha and 9.8Ɩ/ha for the mouldboard and disc ridger, respectively, while ridging recorded 5Ɩ/ha and 5.8Ɩ/ha. For weeding, wheel slips of 2.5% and 2.3% were recorded for the mouldboard and disc ridger, respectively, while ridging recorded 2.6% and 2.5%. Weed control capacities of 73.4% and 71.3% were recorded for the mouldboard and disc ridger, respectively. Crop damages of 7% and 8% were recorded for the mouldboard and disc ridger, respectively. There was no significant difference (p≥0.05) between the profiles of the ridges constructed with the two ridgers, with R2 values of 0.9797 and 0.9762, respectively, for the mean profile of ridges constructed with the mouldboard ridger and disc ridger. The techno-economic study showed that to ridge a hectare of land, it took the mouldboard ridger 36.36 minutes at a cost of GHS 111.29, the disc ridger 40 minutes at a cost of GHS 129.1 and the manual method took 907.18 man-hours at a cost of GHS 6,236.75. To weed a hectare of cassava farm, it took the mouldboard ridger 38.22 minutes at a cost of GHS 102.36, the disc ridger 71.43 minutes at a cost of GHS 218.07 and the manual method 74.1 man-hours at a cost of GHS 3,087.5. A hazard and operability (HAZOP) study was conducted to establish possible deviations, causes and their consequences. Recommendations were made to ensure a hazard-free utilization of the implement. Further research is necessary to establish the effect of varying moisture contents on the performance of the mouldboard ridger. Research into the wear rate and durability of the share of the mouldboard ridger is also recommended. The effect of different soil types on the performance of the mouldboard ridger needs to be investigated.

Keywords: draught force; fuel consumption; wheel slip; weed control capacity; crop damage; profile of ridges

 
 
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