This study delves into the essential role of allelopathy and cover crops for sustainable agriculture, particularly relevant in addressing the complex challenges posed by climate change. By synthesizing quantitative and qualitative data from a variety of studies to examine allelopathic mechanisms, we explored the proven efficacy of cover crops in weed suppression, their significant contribution to improving soil health, and their role in reducing agriculture's environmental footprint in modulating crop and weed growth, while evaluating their potential to enhance agricultural sustainability. Drawing on empirical data from peer-reviewed studies (2013–2023), we synthesized evidence demonstrating that allelochemicals exert dual effects: they suppress weeds by disrupting physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and enzyme activity
while simultaneously promoting crop health through induced systemic resistance and improved soil microbial dynamics.For instance, allelochemicals from cover crops like Rhododendron capitatum reduced weed biomass by 40–60% in field trials, correlating with enhanced crop yields (15–30%) under drought and elevated temperature conditions.
Key findings reveal that allelochemical-driven practices mitigate climate-induced stress by stabilizing soil organic matter, altering pH, and fostering microbial communities that bolster plant tolerance to abiotic stressors. The analysis underscores the critical role of integrating allelopathic strategies with agroecological principles, such as crop diversification and conservation tillage, to maximize yield stability while reducing synthetic herbicide dependence. This work identifies three primary research avenues: (1) advancing metabolomic tools to isolate high-efficacy allelochemicals, (2) modeling climate–allelopathy interactions to predict outcomes under future climate scenarios, and (3) scaling farmer-led trials to validate allelochemical applications in diverse agroecosystems. By bridging knowledge gaps, allelopathy emerges as a cornerstone for achieving the dual goal of global food security and environmental sustainability, offering a scalable pathway to decarbonize agriculture and enhance resilience to climatic changes.

Problem Statement : Conventional agriculture’s reliance on synthetic inputs undermines long-term productivity and ecological balance, demanding sustainable alternatives to address climate vulnerability and weed proliferation.
Key Findings :

Allelochemicals suppress weeds by 40–60% while increasing crop yields by 15–30% under stress conditions.
Soil microbial and physicochemical modifications by allelochemicals enhance drought and heat tolerance in crops.

Integrated allelopathic systems reduce synthetic herbicide use by 50–70% without compromising yield.