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Valorization of Acidic Whey in Strawberry-Based Functional Beverages
1 , * 1 , 2
1  Constituent College, Depalpur-Okara, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Okara, 56300, Pakistan
2  Constituent College, Burewala, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Burewala, 61010, Pakistan
Academic Editor: Antonello Santini

Abstract:

Acidic whey, a nutrient-rich by-product of cheese production, is naturally high in quality proteins, lactose, vitamins, and minerals, making it a valuable ingredient for human consumption. Despite its nutritional potential, acidic whey poses a significant environmental challenge due to its high volume and limited industrial utilization. This study aimed to valorize acidic whey by incorporating it into a strawberry-based functional beverage, thereby enhancing its nutritional value while contributing to dairy waste management. The beverage, formulated with 70% strawberry juice and 30% acidic whey, was subjected to different preservation treatments and evaluated over 28 days for physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and microbial stability. Four sample groups were studied: an untreated control (T0), thermal treatment at 80°C for 10 minutes (T1), and ultrasonication at 25 kHz for 5 minutes (T2) and 10 minutes (T3). Among these, the ultrasonicated sample treated for 10 minutes (T3) demonstrated the most favorable results, with minimal pH decline and a 42.88% reduction in sedimentation compared to the control (T0). T3 also retained the highest levels of total phenolics (725.08 µg GAE/g) and flavonoids (384.85 µg CE/g) and exhibited a 45.71% increase in antioxidant activity. Microbial analysis for T3 indicated a 74.10% reduction in total plate count.

These findings highlight the potential of ultrasonication (T3) in preserving the nutritional and functional attributes of strawberry–acidic whey beverages, particularly in terms of antioxidant activity and bioactive compound retention. The study further supports the application of non-thermal processing techniques for developing shelf-stable and nutritious beverages. This approach aligns with sustainable food processing goals by promoting the circular utilization of dairy by-products in value-added functional products. A detailed study on sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability will be conducted in the future following formal ethical approval.

Keywords: fruit-based beverages, waste utilization, bioactive compounds, non-thermal processing, sensory quality
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