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Next-Generation Wound Dressings: Bioactive Nanocomposite Fiber Coatings Evaluated in an Albino Rat Model
* 1 , 2
1  Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 540000, Pakistan
2  Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Academic Editor: Gareth R. Williams

Abstract:

Wound healing is complex process and is subject of intense research. Use of plants against diseases is in practice from decades. In present study, green ZnO NPs dressings has been evaluated for antibacterial (in vitro analysis on Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes), hemolytic (in vitro), cytotoxic activity (MTT assay), water-solubility, biodegradability, capability to absorb large amounts of wound exudates and in vivo activity (on albino rats of both genders against incisionwounds). SEM confirmed successful incorporation of ZnO NPs into dressings. Broad peak at 3307 cm−1 corresponded to O-H stretch in FTIR spectra, with new absorption peaks at 1600, 2000, and 2500 cm−1 while intensity of C-O stretch was reduced which confirmed the degradation of dressings. ZnO NPs bandages contributed to high-water uptake, minimum hemolytic activity (19.8±0.88%) towards human RBCs at lowest dose (125μg/mL), decrease in HepG 2 cells viability with increased ZnO NP concentration, maximum inhibition of L.acidophilus (24±0.94 mm) and minimum activity against K.aerogenes (8±0.01 mm). On day 7, 60µg/mL of ZnO NPs embedded bandage showed highest healing activity in female rats (57.5%) as compared to male rats (45%), followed by bandage with 20µg/mL ZnO NPs (15% and 25 % healing in female and male rats). After 14 and 21 days, bandage with 10µg/mL nanoparticles showed 87.5% and 82.5% healing in male and female rats and 90% wound closure in both genders respectively. Bandage without nanoparticles, with PV and with 30µg/mL-50µg/mL nanoparticles showed lesser healing activity. Histological analysis of paw skin showed no inflammation but with reepithelization, collagen deposition, granulation tissue fibroblast maturation and neovascularization by bandage which was coated with least amount of green nanoparticles. Outcomes of current work indicate a clear improvement over conventional dressings and warrant further exploration of their unique properties for enhanced wound healing in clinical settings.

Keywords: Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles; wound dressing; Antibacterial; Hemo and cytotoxic; Bandage characterization

 
 
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