Background: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anticandidal, and anticancer effects of 3-hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol, as well as its in silico properties. The compound's effectiveness was evaluated against various bacterial strains, fungal species, Candida species, and its potential anticancer effects.
Method: In vitro assays were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal, anticandida, and anticancer activities of 3-hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol. Antibacterial activity was tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while antifungal and anticandida effects were assessed on various fungal and Candida species. Anticancer activity was evaluated using the MTT assay on multiple cancer cell lines, including breast, colorectal, leukemia, and glioblastoma cell lines. Migration and colony formation assays were also performed. In silico studies investigated the compound's mode of action, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties.
Result: The compound 3-hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol exhibited significant antibacterial activity. Against E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus, the compound showed mean inhibition zones of 18.33 ± 1.25 mm, 10.5 ± 4.27 mm, and 13.83 ± 4.41 mm, respectively. For filamentous fungi (Alternaria sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium equiseti), the compound effectively reduced growth, with mean values of 1.81 ± 0.05, 2.29 ± 0.04, and 2.40 ± 0.10, respectively. Regarding Candida species, C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and C. parapsilosis demonstrated inhibition with mean values of 1.93 ± 0.29, 1.68 ± 0.22, and 0.85 ± 0.17, respectively. Preliminary anticancer results from the MTT assay indicate potential activity against various cancer cell lines.
Conclusion: 3-Hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol demonstrates potent in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and anticandidal properties, along with promising anticancer potential. In silico studies further support its therapeutic potential, warranting further exploration for clinical
