Fuel cells (FCs) offer high-efficiency and low-emission energy conversion, making them a top contender in clean-energy technology. This paper presents the design and partial fabrication of a proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) specifically adapted to climatic and infrastructural context in the Gulf region. PEMFC was selected due to its compact form factor, rapid start-up capability, moderate temperature operation, and high Technology Readiness Level (TRL 8-9). One main target was the development of the membrane, the key electrochemical component facilitating selective proton transport from anode to cathode, while blocking electron and reactant gas crossover. Performance enhancement objectives include improved proton conductivity, chemical stability, and mechanical integrity matching or surpassing current commercial membranes. Local development of such membranes is strategically significant given the absence of domestic FC-manufacturing capabilities in the Gulf region.
Four design concepts were generated and evaluated. The optimal solution was integration of a solar-powered electrolysis system for on-site hydrogen and oxygen production. These gases are fed directly into the PEMFC, converting chemical energy into electrical output to power a small motor or fan in a proof-of-concept demonstration. The integration of renewable hydrogen generation with FC technology provides a closed-loop, emission-free energy system.
An artificial intelligence (AI) model was developed to predict membrane performance under varying operational conditions, enabling design optimization and efficiency improvements without extensive physical prototyping. The combined experimental–computational approach establishes a foundation for high-performance PEMFC membranes, scalable to larger systems in subsequent phases. This work is based on the Final Year Design project of a group of undergraduate mechanical engineering students. It makes a small but significant contribution to sustainable energy technology by advancing region-specific PEMFC design and fabrication capabilities, offering pathways toward local manufacturing, reduced environmental impact, and enhanced energy security in the Gulf region.
