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Analysis of the Second Derivative of the PPG Signal as Indicator of Vascular Aging
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Academic Editor: Jean-marc Laheurte
Published:
07 November 2025
by MDPI
in The 12th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications
session Wearable Sensors and Healthcare Applications
https://doi.org/10.3390/ECSA-12-26557
(registering DOI)
Abstract:
The second derivative of the photoplethysmographic signal presents five relevant points which provide information about the structural properties of arteries. This study investigates the ratio between the amplitude of the d wave (end of systole) and the a wave (beginning of systole) as a potential indicator of vascular aging. The research combines an in vitro study on silicone models with different stiffness and an in vivo study on volunteers aged between 26 to 63 years. The results showed a strong negative correlation between the d/a ratio and arterial stiffness, confirming the potential of this parameter as a noninvasive index for assessing vascular health status.
Keywords: Photoplethysmography (PPG); Optical sensors; Second derivative PPG (SDPPG/APG); Vascular aging; Arterial stiffness; Cardiovascular monitoring; Wearable devices; Signal processing
