Background: Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus is a catfish of great economic value, abundantly exploited in the artisanal fisheries of Burkina Faso. Despite its importance, few studies have been devoted to the parasites that affect it, in particular monogenes, which are known to impact fish health and compromise aquaculture productivity. The objective of this study is to identify the monogeneans present in this species and to evaluate the factors influencing their infestation, from a sustainability and food security perspective. Methods: This study was conducted from February 2021 to July 2022 in the Bagré River, covering a period of 18 months during which samples of C. nigrodigitatus were collected and their gills analyzed in the laboratory according to morphological criteria. Data were examined in terms of size, sex of fish, distribution of parasites on the gills, as well as seasonal variations. Results: Three species of Monogenes of the genus Protoancylodiscoides were identified for the first time in Burkina Faso: P. spirovagina (the most dominant), P. valentini and P. sanagaensis, all specific to C. nigrodigitatus. Infestation is correlated with fish size, with males being more exposed to P. sanagaensis, and more frequent during the rainy season. Conclusion and outlook: These results call for increased monitoring in aquaculture. Research extended to other areas and species is needed to better understand the diversity and distribution of Monogeneans and support sustainable fish farming.