This study explores the factors shaping the adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices among women farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. The research objectives were to profile respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, identify the main determinants of CSA uptake, and propose strategies to strengthen adoption pathways and enhance resilience.

A multistage random sampling approach was employed to select 260 women farmers. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression to examine the influence of socioeconomic and institutional variables on CSA adoption. The analysis also examined respondents’ perceptions of the benefits and challenges of CSA in the local agricultural context.

The results indicate that 27.8% of respondents were aged 50 years or younger, 22.7% had received formal education, and 23.8% reported extensive experience in farming. Regression analysis identified farm size, age, education, technology costs, extension contact, credit access, and perceived benefits of CSA as significant predictors of adoption. These findings highlight the importance of enabling environments, particularly improved access to credit and extension services, while addressing structural and socio-cultural barriers that restrict women’s participation in climate-smart farming. The study provides practical insights for policymakers, extension agents, and development stakeholders seeking to promote the adoption of gender-responsive CSA and to strengthen agricultural resilience to climate change.