The preservation of reserve areas in rural public settlements plays a fundamental role in maintaining ecosystem services, mitigating climate change, and promoting sustainable development. Given the growing interest in the carbon credit market, the conservation and restoration of these areas have become strategic instruments for environmental and economic development. This article discusses the relevance of preserving legal reserves and permanent preservation areas (PPAs) in public settlements under the jurisdiction of the state of Pernambuco, highlighting their ecological, social, and financial benefits. It also analyzes the potential of these territories for participation in carbon offsetting and credit generation mechanisms. The methodology adopted is based on descriptive research with an individual analysis of each area, a literature review, and an analysis of Brazilian experiences with carbon sequestration and offset projects in collective use areas. The conclusion is that the proper management of these reserves constitutes not only a legal obligation but also an opportunity to integrate environmental conservation with the improvement of the socioeconomic conditions of the settlers. Preserving reserves in public settlements is essential to conserving biodiversity, ensuring ecological balance, and contributing to tackling climate change. With proper management, these areas can generate carbon credits and strengthen the sustainability of settled communities, especially when supported by integrated environmental management policies, forest restoration, and payment for environmental services.