In small ruminants, up to 40% of fertilized ova are lost during early gestation due to inadequate progesterone, thus affecting uterine environment and embryo survival. Progesterone supplementation has been proposed to improve early pregnancy maintenance; however, results have been inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of progestogen supplementation post-embryo transfer on pregnancy rate and embryo, fetal, and neonatal survival in goats. A total of 207 thawed Angora embryos were semi-surgically transferred into 111 Criolla Neuquina goats (day 0 = embryo transfer). All procedures were conducted under standardized conditions with the same operators and genetic material. At embryo transfer, recipients were randomly assigned to two treatments: progestogen supplementation (intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg MAP, replaced every 17 days for 68 days; n= 37) or non-progestogen supplementation (Control; n= 74). Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography on days 28 and 78 post-transfer to assess embryo and fetal survival. Pregnancy rate was calculated as pregnant recipients per total recipients, embryo survival as viable embryos per transferred embryos, fetal survival as viable fetuses per viable embryos, and neonatal survival as kids born alive per viable fetuses. Pregnancy and embryo survival rates did not differ between treatments (15/37; 41% and 24/67; 36% in progestogen-supplemented vs. 32/74; 43% and 43/140; 31% in non-supplemented goats; P>0.05; Fisher´s exact test). In contrast, both fetal and neonatal survival were identical for each treatment and significantly lower in the progestogen-supplemented group (7/24; 29%) compared with the non-supplemented group (43/43; 100%; P<0.05). Laboratory analyses ruled out Brucella melitensis, CAEV, and Toxoplasma gondii in affected fetuses and dams. Possible mechanisms postulated in fetal losses comprise a sharp decline in progesterone after sponge removal or increased oxytocin and prostaglandin due to vaginal mechanical stimulation, inducing luteolysis. In conclusion, progestogen supplementation via intravaginal sponges is not recommended for recipient goats in embryo transfer programs.