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DISCURSIVE CONSTRUCTION OF GENDERED HATE SPEECH AGAINST MEN IN SELECTED SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS IN NIGERIA
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1  Department of English, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Academic Editor: Pan Wang

Abstract:

The emergence of social media as a dominant platform for communication and information sharing has profoundly influenced the ways individuals interact, express opinions, and construct social identities. However, these platforms have also become sites for the proliferation of hate speech, including gendered forms of verbal abuse that target both women and men. Historically, research on gendered hate speech has overwhelmingly focused on women as primary victims, often overlooking the experiences of men as targets of similar discursive attacks. This gap highlights the need for a critical discourse analysis that explores the discourse strategies underpinning gendered hate speech against men. The theoretical framework used in the analysis of this study is Teun A. Van Dijk’s socio-cognitive framework of Critical Discourse Analysis. The analysis uses both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. The data were collated from selected social media platforms in Nigeria, like X (formerly Twitter), Facebook, and TikTok, between January 2020 and December 2025. Using purposive sampling, a total of one hundred and fifty-five (155) posts, comments, and videos containing explicit hate speech against men were selected through keyword searches and the manual browsing of content. This study identified 17 discourse strategies used in constructing gendered hate speech, and they include explicit hostility, blame shifting, dehumanization, evidentiality, victimization, positive self-representation, denial, etc. In conclusion, this study provides insights into how gendered hate speech against men is constructed, circulated, and legitimized on social media in Nigeria.

Keywords: Gendered hate speech, Digital misogyny and misandry discourse construction, social media platforms, men

 
 
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