Hegemonic masculinity is a form of masculinity that serves to legitimize and protect men's dominant position in society by establishing superiority over women and other masculinities (Connell & Messerschmidt, 2005). It is defined by being heterosexual, anti-effeminite and anti-gay (Özbay, 2013). Therefore, for a man to possess an acceptable form of masculinity in a culture where same-sex desire is equated with femininity, he must be anti-homosexual. This pressure leads some gay men to engage in femiphobia (anti-effeminacy) and de-feminize themselves to avoid being seen as “less of a man”, or “like a woman”. (Eslen-Ziya & Koç, 2016; Taywaditep, 2002). Hegemonic masculinity is not solely an individual or cultural concept; it is constructed on three levels which influence each other. Hofstede's cultural dimensions can be a valuable framework to understand how hegemonic masculinity is experienced and enforced in a culture. In Türkiye, specifically dimensions of power distance, motivation towards success, and uncertainty avoidance can be used to understand how hegemonic masculinity is experienced by queer men. This study examines the construction and maintenance of hegemonic masculinity on the primarily used gay dating app (Hornet) in Türkiye through qualitative discourse analysis on 193 user profiles from seven different cities. Emerging themes were “Ideal Masculinity”, “Sexual Role and Hierarchy" and “Secrecy and Respectability”, which are interpreted through the lens of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions. The findings demonstrate that hegemonic masculinity survives within queer spaces not by denying homosexuality, but reshaping it into forms that remain compatible with patriarchal, heteronormative, and culturally sanctioned notions of masculinity.
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“Discrete, no fem, masc4masc”: Decoding Hegemonic Masculinity on a Gay Dating App in Türkiye
Published:
25 May 2026
by MDPI
in The 1st International Online Conference on Social Sciences
session Gender Studies
Abstract:
Keywords: hegemonic masculinity; gay masculinities; cultural dimensions, hofstede