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                    A lower bound on work extraction probability prescribed by nonequilibrium work relation
                
                                    
                
                
                    Published:
20 November 2017
by MDPI
in 4th International Electronic Conference on Entropy and Its Applications
session Statistical Physics
                
                                    
                
                
                    Abstract: 
                                    
In nonequilibrium processes, work extraction from a system is subject to random fluctuations associated with the statistical distribution prescribed by its environment. The probability of extracting work above a given arbitrary threshold can be a measure of restriction imposed by experimental circumstances. We present a lower bound for the probability when the work value lies in a finite range. For the case of unrestricted maximum work, the lower bound gets larger as the free energy difference between initial and final states becomes larger. We point out also that an upper bound previously reported in the literature is a direct consequence of the well-known second mean value theorem for definite integrals.
                        Keywords: work extraction probability; nonequilibrium work relation;  free energy difference
                    
                
                
                
                
                                    Comments on this paper
                                                                    
                                                    
                                    Miguel Rubi
                            
            
                22 November 2017
            
        
                    Bounds on work extraction
                
            
                It is well known that the maximum work one can extract from a system, in the absence of loses, is given by the free energy difference between the initial and final state of the system. This result holds in equilibrium. For non-equilibrium small-scale systems one has to consider the presence of fluctuations that may change the bound
            
        
                                                                                                    Takuya Yamano
                                                            
                        
                        22 November 2017
                    
                    
                            Yes, work extraction under fluctuations for small systems seems certainly a frontier. One needs further investigation.
                        
                     
            
 
        
    
    
         
    
    
         
    
    
         
    
    
         
    
 
                                