Abstract: Sustainable development is an important symbol of civilization. When people improve the life standards gradually，it becomes a challenge to the sustainable development of energy sources. Due to the important influence of the IAQ in residential building on human body, more and more people pay attention to air exhaust in kitchen and toilet and the supply of fresh air. There is no doubt that additional fresh air can improve the room IAQ, but the energy consumption will increase greatly, which is opposite to the objective of sustainable development, so it is necessary for us to seek a suitable way to resolve this problem. In this paper, in order to deal with the contradicting problem of energy saving and also keeping IAQ in the residential buildings, we simulated different kinds of operation conditions of air exhaust in kitchen and toilet and fresh air supplement in heating period in a residential building in northern China; analyzed the energy consumption caused by entered outdoor fresh air in different conditions, and economical efficiency of the heat-recovery-system for fresh air. According to different control conditions in kitchen ventilator and toilet exhaust system, the paper presents the quantitative analysis results of energy consumption in different ways in fresh air system, the projects are as follows: （1）Change of indoor fresh air through natural ventilation mode Case 1: analyze energy consumption of fresh air indraft when both the kitchen ventilator and the toilet exhaust system turn on; Case 2: analyze energy consumption of fresh air indraft when neither the kitchen ventilator nor toilet exhaust system turns on. （2）Indoor fresh air indraught through a fresh air supplement system Case 1: analyze energy consumption of fresh air indraft when both the kitchen ventilator and the toilet exhaust system turn on; Case 2: analyze energy consumption of fresh air indraft when neither the kitchen ventilator nor toilet exhaust system turns on. （3）Change of indoor fresh air through using whole-heat-exchange fresh air system Case 1: analyze energy consumption of fresh air indraft when both the kitchen ventilator and the toilet exhaust system turn on; Case 2: analyze energy consumption of fresh air indraft when neither the kitchen ventilator nor toilet exhaust system turns on. Through calculating the fresh air energy consumption above modes, predicting the scope of the energy consumption values, some suitable methods are obtained to deal with the poor IAQ problems within the kitchen and the toilet，which could make different residents need in the different requirements to fresh air quality and quantity in the building preferably. To guarantee an excellent IAQ and provide optimal energy use within residential buildings, we could supply a sustainable residential building.