Water-lean solvents are thought to deliver promising benefits to include enhanced mass transfer properties, increased absorption capacities and lower solvent regeneration heat duties in natural gas sweetening process. Acid gas (H2S and CO2) removal is an essential piece of the natural gas value chain due to the corrosive effect on pipeline and process equipment, impact on environment and reduction in methane heating value. A number of solvents have been used for this process in the past. However, low acid gas pickup, high cost per unit separation and high regeneration heat duties forms the basis for which we considered a water-lean solvent in this study. This study employs ASPEN HYSIS V12.1 to model natural gas sweetening process of a hypothetical non- associated sour gas well with a novel water-lean solvent (50% wt. MDEA + 30% wt. DIPA + 15% wt. DMSO + 5% wt. H2O). Theoretical solvent screening was carried out to select the most promising water-lean solvent, following a flowsheet design, modeling and result validation. The process economic analysis was carried out using Aspen Process Economic Analyzer to determine the unit separation cost and profitability indicators. Results show that the solubility of CO2 was found to be lower in water-lean solvents. The mass transfer seem not to be better. This was generally difficult to be taken into consideration and assessed properly in Aspen as there is no literature data with DMSO to fit the model parameters. DMSO reacts with H2S, leading to loss of solvent. Although, mass transfer improved with physical co-solvent, acid gas solubility decreased, resulting in more solvent consumption and impacting the capital expenditure. Economic analysis showed that the equipment cost of the proposed solvent is 1.4 M USD/yr higher than that of the aqueous MDEA commercially in use. As such, the it is not considered economically viable.

To enhance the lifetime of mechanical system such as automobile, new reliability methodology – parametric Accelerated Life Testing (ALT) – suggests to produce the reliability quantitative (RQ) specifications—mission cycle—for identifying the design defects and modifying them. It incorporates: (1) a parametric ALT plan formed on system BX lifetime that will be X percent of the cumulated failure, (2) a load examination for ALT, (3) a customized parametric ALTs with the design alternatives, and (4) an assessment if the system design(s) fulfil the objective BX lifetime. So we suggest a BX life concept, life-stress (LS) model with a new effort idea, accelerated factor, and sample size equation. This new parametric ALT should help an engineer to discover the missing design parameters of the mechanical system influencing reliability in the design process. As the improper designs are experimentally identified, the mechanical system can recognize the reliability as computed by the growth in lifetime, LB, and the decrease in failure rate. Consequently, companies can escape recalls due to the product failures from the marketplace. As an experiment instance, two cases were investigated: 1) problematic reciprocating compressors in the French-door refrigerators returned from the marketplace and 2) the redesign of hinge kit system (HKS) in a domestic refrigerator. After a customized parametric ALT, the mechanical systems such as compressor and HKS with design alternatives were anticipated to fulfil the lifetime – B1 life 10 year.

Thanks to their better efficiency in a shorter period, Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have become a highly promising photovoltaic technology. However, the highest cost of hole transporting material and lower stability of perovskite handed their commercialisation. A dopant-free Hole-Transporting Material (HTM) offers protection to a perovskite layer from oxidation is one of the viable strategies. In this line of interest, Carbazole is a well-known electron-rich aromatic compound that has been widely used as a building block in organic electronic materials. This work falls into the theme of the investigation of the structural and optical properties of the thin films containing of carbazole unit substituted with diphenylamine deposited by physical vapor deposition. The obtained thin films were characterized by Atomic force microscopy, Transmittance and Photoluminescence measurements.The compounds demonstrated high Transparency in visible range with a Strong luminescence.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of material made up of metal ions or clusters and organic linkers. Cyclodextrin-based MOFs (CD-MOFs) are gaining popularity among MOFs due to their unique features, such as high porosity, permanent porosity, and biocompatibility. This paper focuses on recent advances in the synthesis of CD-MOFs and their water stability. We highlight the difficulties involved with CD-MOF synthesis and the strategies that have been explored to increase their water stability. Finally, we discuss the current research gaps and the future outlook of CD-MOF research.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture and separation is an important field of research as we seek to reduce the effects of climate change. Because of its porosity, resilient crystallinity, high adsorption capacity, and affinity for CO₂, cyclodextrin-based metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs) have emerged as attractive materials for carbon capture. This paper gives an overview of CD-MOFs and their applications in CO₂ capture and separation. Several studies have been conducted to synthesize and characterize CD-MOFs for CO₂ capture. The causes for the high binding affinity of CO₂ in CD-MOFs were discovered through mechanistic studies on CO₂ adsorption. Furthermore, CD-MOF modifications have been carried out in order to improve the sorption capacity and selectivity of CO₂ adsorption. Meanwhile, several researchers reported on the use of CD-MOFs for gaseous CO₂ membrane separation. The paper also highlights the current gaps in CD-MOF research and future outlooks in carbon capture and separation using CD-MOFs.

The effect of the rapid industrialization created an enormous burden on the part of the environment. The quality of the water source is drastically affected by the discharged coming from the industry and domestics usage. Nowadays, the treatment of wastewater involves the use of chemicals and powder activated carbon made from agricultural waste is commonly used. This study used waste corn cobs activated with sodium chloride in a 1:2.5 ratio and utilized microwave. The percent adsorption for powder activated carbon (PAC) from corn cob with microwave heating reached 93% removal of oil and grease for 10 g dosage while 87 % for powder activated carbon without microwave heating. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms both represent the behavior of PAC and the breakthrough time decreased as flow rate of contaminant increased in the continuous flow system. The characteristics of powder activated corn cobs contained a lot of grooves, crevices and cracks and the macropores deep inside the surface was highly developed, typical for an activated carbon that facilitate effective adsorption process. The pore volume was found to be 1.3 cm³/g for PAC with microwave heating and 1.5 cm³/g for those without microwave heating. The pore volume determined the adsorption capacity of PAC from corn cobs.

Plastic waste increased worldwide due to the steady rise in plastic consumption. Several strategies were developed to mitigate plastic waste. Among these methods, pyrolysis is a promising technology for converting plastic waste into valuable products. This paper discusses the latest advancements in the pyrolysis of three common types of plastic waste: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). The challenges associated with the pyrolysis of these plastics are highlighted, and an outlook on the future of research on pyrolysis is given. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the current state of research on the pyrolysis of PVC, PP, and PS. This has implications for advancing pyrolysis technology to contribute to a more sustainable and circular economy.

Evaporative cooling towers are important devices for cooling circulating water in thermal and nuclear power plants. The main performance indicators of condensers and steam turbines depend on their efficiency of operation. For example, when the final water temperature rises by 1 degree at the outlet of a cooling tower, there is a 0.5 % decrease in condenser vacuum and a 0.4 % decrease in steam turbine capacity. Evaporative cooling towers are notable for their large size, another important task of which is to cool large volumes of circulating water typically from 8 500 to 30 000 TPH.

However, large units are usually characterized by a heterogeneous process. In this paper, we consider the analysis of temperature field heterogeneity in evaporative cooling towers of various types. An experimental study of cooling heterogeneity in several cooling towers has been conducted. Histograms of cooled water temperature distribution were plotted and degrees of heterogeneity were established. It was found that each evaporative cooling tower has an individual degree of water-cooling heterogeneity under practically equal operating and environmental conditions. The effect of the degree of water-cooling heterogeneity on the evaporative capacity of cooling towers was analyzed. The analysis of the causes of heterogeneity in the process of water cooling was carried out. It has been revealed that temperature heterogeneities occur due to the cooling tower design features, its location on the ground, and the distribution of water and air flows inside the device. Measures to reduce temperature heterogeneity of cooling in evaporative cooling towers are proposed.

The article discusses the aspects of obtaining red-colored phosphate coatings on the surface of steel at low temperature. The solution for color phosphating is based on a modified composition based on the chemical «Majef» with sodium nitrite as an accelerator, organic additives of glycerin and Trilon B to improve the quality of precipitated phosphate coatings, and the preparation OS-20 for emulsifying and wetting the surface. To precipitate red phosphate coatings, it is proposed to introduce a copper salt into the composition of the phosphating solution. In the phosphating solution with the addition of copper salt, contact deposition of copper occurs before the formation of a phosphate film on the surface of the steel. This copper layer stains the resulting phosphate coating, but does not adhere to the steel surface. To obtain a red phosphate coating of satisfactory quality, it is recommended to first soak the steel product in a modified cold phosphating solution for 15 minutes, and after the formation of a thin layer of phosphate film on the surface of the steel, introduce copper salt into the solution. Red phosphate coatings are much inferior in protective abilities to unpainted phosphate films, they have greater roughness and high porosity. To increase the protective properties and improve the appearance, it is recommended to additionally coat phosphate coatings with varnish.

Currently, the people and the hospital management wasting their time and wealth because of the lack of a smart system in the pre-examination process for patients. This paper has presented an approach to designing a healthcare system that collects the necessary body conditions by using a microcontroller-based smart system and collected information reports to the authorized smartphone. Smart things and the internet of things make life easier. The Health Care System is the cheapest healthcare device for patients and doctors. It provides a solution for the measurement of body parameters like ECG, Temperature, Moisture, and Heartbeat, and it also detects the body condition, using Arduino UNO. The LCD screen contains a very simple GUI Interface for reading all the parameters for the patient and doctors. if there is something wrong with the patient the RED LED will light up, and the system will generate an alert when it is required which means at the time of any critical conditions and notifications about the medicines. As for the yellow light, it will only light up when the patient presses the button, and this means that the patient is not in danger but wants to talk to the doctor or nurse.