Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system caused by various factors, principally inflammation and oxidative stress. While several drugs alleviate MS symptoms, none provide a cure for it. Recent research has revealed that certain proteins found in food contain encrypted peptides that, when released through a hydrolysis process, exhibit numerous biological activities. We have recently demonstrated that a lupin protein hydrolysate (LPH) generated with the Alcalase enzyme exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in both in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether LPH could reduce the clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. EAE was induced in female C57BL/6N mice by immunization with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG_35-55) in a complete Freund adjuvant plus Pertussis toxin. Mice were orally treated with LPH (100 mg/kg) or vehicle (control group) before disease onset (prophylactic approach) or from the onset (day 12 post-induction) of symptoms (therapeutic approach). The clinical score of each mouse was recorded daily. Prophylactic treatment with LPH reduced the clinical score, the maximum score, and the cumulative score compared to the control group, but did not alter the onset of symptoms. However, the therapeutic intervention did not improve the severity of the disease. These findings indicate that lupin biopeptides can reduce the severity of MS when used preventively, suggesting their potential as new nutraceuticals or functional foods. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm this promising effect.

This article consists of a three-species food web model that has been developed by considering the interaction between susceptible prey, infected prey, and predator species. It is assumed that susceptible prey species grow logistically in the absence of predators. It is assumed that predators consume susceptible and infected prey and infected prey consumes susceptible prey. We consider the effect of fear on susceptible prey due to infected prey species. Furthermore, the predator consumes its prey in the form of Holling-type and Crowley-Martin-type interactions. Also, infected prey consumes susceptible prey in the form of Holling-type interaction. The positive invariance, positivity, and boundedness of the system are discussed. The conditions of all biologically feasible equilibrium points have been examined. The local stability of the systems around these equilibrium points is investigated and global stability is analyzed by suitable Lyapunov functions around these equilibrium points. Furthermore, the occurrence of Hopf-bifurcation concerning harvesting (h) of the system has been investigated. Finally, we demonstrate some numerical simulation results to illustrate our main analytical findings.

The Chest X-Ray (CXR) is a commonly used diagnostic imaging test that requires significant expertise and careful observation due to the complex nature of the pathology and fine texture of lung lesions. Despite the long-term clinical training and professional guidance provided to radiologists, there is still the possibility of errors in diagnosis. Therefore, we have developed a novel approach using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to detect the abnormalities of CXR images. The model was optimized using algorithms such as Adam and RMSprop. Also, several hyperparameters were optimized, including the pooling layer, convolutional layer, dropout layer, target size, and epochs. Hyperparameter optimization aims to improve the model's accuracy by testing various combinations of hyperparameter values and optimization algorithms. To evaluate the model's performance, we used scenario modeling to create 32 models and tested them using a confusion matrix. The results indicated that the best accuracy achieved by the model was 97.94%. This accuracy was based on training and test data using 4,538 CXR images. The findings suggest that hyperparameter optimization can improve the CNN model's accuracy in accurately identifying CXR abnormalities. Therefore, this study has important implications for improving the accuracy and reliability of CXR image interpretation, which could ultimately benefit patients by improving the detection and treatment of lung diseases.

Melanoma is the most invasive type of skin cancer, often curable when caught at early stages. However, for advanced stages, the efficiency of the few available treatments is limited. Considering that the number of cases of melanoma cancer is expected to increase in the next few years, there is an urgency to increase the efficiency of treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the potential application of beta-blockers, drugs in the treatment of heart diseases, in melanoma treatment. Thus, A375 cells (melanoma cell line) were exposed up to 72h to non-selective blockers (carvedilol and propranolol), β1 selective blockers (atenolol and metoprolol), and antineoplastics drugs (cisplatin and 5- fluorouracil) and their effects on cell viability studied. Atenolol and metoprolol (β1 selective) had no significant effect on the viability of A375 cells. However, the other tested drugs were able to affect cell viability allowing the determination of median lethal concentrations (LC50). Thus, a toxicity ranking based on the LC50 could be established, from highest to lowest, as: cisplatin (2.46 (1.87 – 3.38), 5-fluorouracil (4.77 (4.48 – 5.07)), carvedilol (16.91 (15.47 - 18.99)) and propranolol (58.03 (57.08 - 59.11)). Carvedilol and cisplatin were, respectively, the most toxic beta-blocker and antineoplastic. This research supports the potential use of the non-selective β-blockers as adjuvants in cancer treatment.

Particle dispersion is an important research area as this provides insight into how a particle behaves, how long the particle will fall, how far the particle will travel away from the source, and its concentration at a particular time and point of location. In this review paper, different models used to study the dispersion of particulate matter are explained and compared. The mechanism and factors that affect the dispersion of particles are discussed. Applications of the atmospheric dispersion model are also given. Moreover, the topics sufficiently lacking in the literature and insight into further areas that should be improved are discussed.

Ratio product estimators have been proposed by several authors for the estimation of population mean, and population variance, but very few authors have proposed ratio product estimators for the estimation of population coefficient of variation. In this paper, we proposed a ratio product estimator for the estimation of the population coefficient of variation. The mean square error of the proposed estimator has been obtained up to the first order of approximation using the Taylor series technique. The numerical analysis was conducted and the results show that the proposed ratio product estimator is more efficient.

The genome sequence of Leishmania has given rise to diverse novel drug targets and their identification remains the first step in drug discovery. The aim of the study is to identify the possible antileishmanicidal activity target(s) of N¹,N⁴-[dibenzylbutane-4',4''-(dioxymethylenebenzene)]-1,4-diamine from plethora of pathways in kinetoplastids. The compound was docked using AutoDockTools-1.5.6 against 8 co-crystallized proteins selected from the protein data bank and representing important biosynthetic pathways. The results showed that the N, N'-substituted diamine binds more efficiently to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GPDH (E = -8.97 Kcal/mol and K_i = 0.267 µM; K_i co-crystallized ligand = 19.39 µM) which is responsible for the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, and pteridine reductase I, PTR1 (E = -8.75 Kcal/mol and K_i = 0.387 µM; K_i co-crystallized ligand = 60.56 µM) which reduces both pterins and folates to tetrahydrobiopterin and tetrahydrofolate respectively. Moderate binding activity by the ligand was obtained for the protein kinases, CDKs (E = -8.37 Kcal/mol and K_i = 0.729 µM; K_i co-crystallized ligand = 26.80 µM) and trypanothione reductase, TR (E = -8.57 Kcal/mol and K_i = 0.525 µM; K_i co-crystallized ligand = 174.68 µM) of the trypanothione biosynthetic pathway. With E > -7.35 Kcal/mol and K_i > 4.10 µM, the ligand appears to have no significant inhibition of the squalene synthase (SQS), lactoyl glutathione lyase (LGL) and pteridine synthase (TS) of the sterol, glyoxalase and trypanothione biosynthetic pathways. In conclusion, the efficient inhibition of GPDH and PTR1 targets in Leishmania by N, N-substituted diamine molecule provides more insights into understanding the mechanism of leishmanicidal activity.

In the present study, a new hydrogen (H₂) gas sensor that is CeO₂/Y₂O₃ nanocomposites were effectively synthesized by using hydrothermal technique. XRD, FE-SEM, AFM were performed for knowing the crystal structure and morphology of as prepared nanocomposite. Here, XRD pattern of CeO₂/Y₂O₃ shows the Cubic structure of space group Fm3m having density 6.74gmcm^-3, volume 157.81×10⁶pm³, crystallite size 18.66nm and lattice strain is 0.0041 after that many more structural parameters were also calculated by using Rietveld refinement. Furthermore, FE-SEM and AFM studies show the granular structure and surface roughness. Additionally, Hydrogen sensing was performed at temperature of 100-125˚C with hydrogen concentration of 20-100 ppm and obtained 3.76 sensor response with relatively response and recovery time of 55.9 and 75.23 sec respectively. The studied sensor device also exhibits the advantages of a simple structure, easy fabrication process, and relatively low- cost hydrogen detection sensor.

In the foreseeable future, the depletion of finite fossil fuel reserves is a growing concern due to the increasing consumption of these resources by humans. Moreover, the emission of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel consumption contributes to global warming, resulting in significant harm to the Earth's ecosystem. The Stirling engine (SE) offers an outstanding solution for harnessing various heat sources, including solar, nuclear, and fossil fuels, among others. It provides numerous advantages, such as high efficiency, a long lifespan, low noise levels, and minimal or no emissions. This paper conducts a finite physical dimensions thermodynamic analysis (FPDT) on a gamma-type double piston cylinder engine and compares the results with other isothermal models and experimental data. The current model's results align closely with other thermodynamic models

Pneumatic conveying is a vital technology for delivering bulk solids, powders, and granular materials in various industries. Significant advances in pneumatic conveying technology have occurred in recent years, spurred by the demand for sustainable and energy-efficient industrial processes. This paper explores the current advances in pneumatic conveying technology and their implications for the industry. First, the principles of pneumatic conveying were discussed. Then, two significant advances in pneumatic conveying technology are highlighted. Schenck Process, for example, has created the Enhanced Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying (EDIP) system, the E-Finity continuous dense phase system, and high-pressure systems utilizing Lontra's LP2 Compressor Blower. Second, Palamatic Process provides dense-phase vacuum conveying cyclones as well as powder pumps for non-abrasive dense-phase vacuum conveying. Several research gaps in pneumatic conveying technology are identified in the paper, including the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, optimization of multiphase flow behavior, energy efficiency and sustainability, material degradation, and particle damage, handling of cohesive and difficult-to-convey materials, scale-up and design optimization, and real-time monitoring and control systems. The future outlook highlights the potential of sustainable practices to advance pneumatic conveying technology further. The integration of these technologies can lead to improved performance, energy efficiency, and sustainability in pneumatic conveying systems.