Introduction: Brucellosis remains a major public health concern in Algeria, particularly in agro-pastoral regions like Sétif. This study aims to describe the clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological characteristics of human brucellosis cases managed at the University Hospital of Sétif. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 37 patients hospitalized at the Infectious Diseases Department between 2021 and 2024. All cases were confirmed by the isolation of Brucella spp. from blood cultures or localized samples. Statistical analysis included 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for key proportions, Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and the Binomial test for gender distribution. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 37 patients were included. A significant male predominance was confirmed (78.4% vs. 21.6%; p = 0.001), with a mean age of 43 years (SD ± 15.6). The temporal distribution showed a peak in 2022 (32.4%), followed by a fluctuation in annual incidence without a linear trend (p > 0.05). The hallmark clinical sign was undulant fever (97%), frequently associated with arthralgia (19%) and headache (11%). Focal osteoarticular complications were identified in 10.8% of the cohort (n=4), specifically spondylodiscitis (n=2) and sacroiliitis (n=2). Notably, all complicated cases occurred in male patients; however, this association did not reach statistical significance (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.55), likely due to the limited sample size. Conclusion: Human brucellosis in Sétif is characterized by a high burden among middle-aged men and significant osteoarticular morbidity. The lack of a declining trend over four years underlines the urgency of an integrated "One Health" surveillance system to control the animal reservoir and improve early clinical detection.

Understanding how Aedes aegypti eggs and gravid female are spatially structured, and how they relate to urban temperature heterogeneity, is essential in improving vector surveillance. This study analyzed the spatial distribution patterns of egg and gravid female abundance of Ae. aegypti in the city of Reconquista (Argentina) during the 2024–2025 epidemiological season and assessed spatial associations between life stages and with land surface temperature (LST). Data obtained between December 2024 and March 2025 during montoring using ovitraps and gravid Aedes traps were analyzed. The mean abundance of eggs (EG) and gravid female (GF) (adjusted by active devices) was calculated. Spatial autocorrelation and the association between both stages were assessed using global univariate and bivariate Moran’s I statistics. Mean abundance was aggregated into a 600 m hexagonal grid, and bivariate LISA was used to identify local spatial clusters. Both EG and GF exhibited significant positive spatial autocorrelation, with clusters of high reproductive activity concentrated in specific sectors of the city. There was a significant positive global spatial association between EG abundance and GF female abundance. However, local LISA analysis showed that this association was spatially heterogeneous, with most areas not exhibiting significant local coupling. These results indicate that egg and gravid female distributions are spatially coupled at the urban scale, although this relationship is spatially heterogeneous and restricted to specific sectors of the city. We found a positive spatial association between EG and GF with LST, with nearly half of the study area exhibiting concordant High EG/GF–High LST or Low EG/GF–Low LST patterns. EG and GF abundance show clear spatial structuring across the evaluated life stages. Urban LST appears spatially coupled with EG and GF abundance, supporting a strong thermo-biological linkage in the urban landscape.

Introduction: Human myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax remains a neglected tropical zoonosis in Latin America despite regional eradication programs targeting the New World screwworm. Contemporary epidemiological and vulnerability patterns in Mexico are poorly characterized. We conducted an analytical exploratory study to describe clinical distribution and identify factors associated with complicated outcomes in confirmed human cases reported in Southern Mexico.

Methods: A retrospective observational exploratory study was conducted, including 33 laboratory-confirmed human cases reported in the National Epidemiological Surveillance System (epidemiological week 29, 2025). Variables analyzed included age, sex, anatomical location, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes. Comorbidity was defined as documented chronic clinical conditions in the registry (e.g., diabetes mellitus, neoplasms, vascular disease, chronic kidney disease, malnutrition, alcohol use disorder). Age was summarized using the median and interquartile range (IQR). Proportions were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using the Wilson method. Associations were assessed using Fisher’s exact test and crude odds ratios (ORs) with Haldane correction.

Results: The median age was 60 years (IQR 48–74; range 17–87), and 63.6% were male (95% CI 46.6–77.8). Cephalic involvement was the most frequent presentation (45.5%; 95% CI 29.8–62.0). At least one comorbidity was present in 75.8% (95% CI 59.0–87.2), and ≥2 in 21.2%. Six patients (18.2%) had neoplastic disease, including skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma, lip cancer, tongue cancer, and parietal neoplastic lesions; all were located in the cephalic region (100%). Complicated outcomes occurred in 15.2% (95% CI 6.7–30.9), and case fatality was 3.0% (95% CI 0.5–15.3). One death occurred in a patient with multiple comorbidities; the specific cause of death was not publicly available.

Conclusions: Human Cochliomyia hominivorax myiasis in Southern Mexico predominantly affects patients with comorbidities and conditions favoring tissue exposure. The observed association between cephalic neoplasms and infestation suggests that exposed tumor lesions may play a key role in pathogenesis. These findings provide clinical evidence of vulnerability factors in this neglected zoonosis.

Introduction: The city of Santa Fe (Argentina) is highly exposed to environmental conditions that favor outbreaks of dengue and leptospirosis. Official public health campaigns often rely on top-down compliance-based approaches, underestimating the potential of community participation. This study aimed to quantify the effectiveness of participatory strategies compared to conventional methods through controlled community trials in four riverside neighborhoods with similar socio-environmental conditions.

Methodology: In 2024/2025, two intervention sectors (Vuelta del Paraguayo / Manzana 2) and two control sectors (Colastiné / Boca) were established (n=80 households per site). The intervention involved training cycles for health promoters based on popular education and participatory action research (PAR), promoting community dialogue and territorial planning. Control areas received traditional, non-participatory campaigns. A longitudinal pre-post design was used. Indicators included: knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceptions (KAPP); abundance of Aedes aegypti adults, larvae, and breeding sites; and rodent activity monitored through hair traps. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and logistic regressions to assess the interaction effect between treatment condition (participatory vs. control) and time in both trials.

Results: Significant interaction effects were found (p < 0.05). The probability of finding potential larval breeding sites was reduced by 39% (OR: 0.61), larval breeding sites by 41% (OR: 0.59), and Ae. aegypti adults by 31% (OR: 0.69) compared to control groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, rodent activity was reduced by 44% (OR: 0.56). Furthermore, a significant increase in risk knowledge and perception was observed.

Conclusion: Participatory methods demonstrate greater efficacy than traditional approaches in reducing biological risk indicators. Community empowerment acts as a cost-effective strategy by fostering social sustainability, reducing dependence on recurring chemical interventions, and mitigating the risk of zoonotic disease transmission in vulnerable settings

The epidemiology of dengue in Bangladesh is undergoing a fundamental shift, driven by climate variability, rapid urban expansion, and ecological change. Dengue is transforming a historically monsoon-bound disease into a persistent national health crisis. Recent outbreaks demonstrate expanding geographic distribution and altered transmission dynamics driven by rapid and unplanned urbanisation, and mosquito vector adaptation. These changes have reduced the effectiveness of conventional surveillance approaches that rely primarily on hospital-based reporting and reactive response. Addressing this evolving risk requires a predictive early warning system grounded in a One Health framework that integrates human, environmental, and vector surveillance.

A retrospective analysis was conducted using national routine dengue surveillance datasets reported by the Directorate General of Health Services, Bangladesh, for 2024–2025, alongside system-level evidence, to evaluate readiness for a One Health-based Early Warning System (EWS). Data quality, reporting continuity, and operational feasibility were assessed using WHO data-quality assessment approaches.

The datasets demonstrated nationwide reporting coverage but substantial data gaps, with approximately 53.2% of fields missing in 2024 and only 20.8% in 2025. Substantial data gaps, reporting inconsistencies, and limited interoperability constrain early outbreak detection. Current systems capture human clinical outcomes but lack systematic integration with entomological surveillance and ecological drivers such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity. These limitations reduce the ability to generate timely, actionable alerts.

The evolving epidemiology of dengue in Bangladesh necessitates transitioning from conventional surveillance to a predictive One Health early-warning system. Implementing a One Health framework can operationalise multi-sectoral integration, strengthen data systems, and enable anticipatory public health action. Bangladesh represents a critical frontline example of how climate, ecological disruption, and human population dynamics are reshaping dengue transmission. This demands a transition from conventional surveillance toward integrated One Health early warning systems. A coordinated One Health EWS represents a critical pathway for improving climate-sensitive disease preparedness and reducing future dengue burden in Bangladesh.