The transition to renewable energy plays an essential role in mitigating climate change; however, the deployment of renewables may pose substantial impacts on ecosystems. To date, a quantitative literature review has comprehensively investigated the characteristics and potentials of renewable energy deployment, while a substantial installed capacity was estimated to overlap with ecologically fragile land types. Although phasing out fossil fuels can significantly mitigate climate change, a rapid shift towards renewable energy deployment may bring new challenges. More sustainable pathways tend to exhibit land-intensive dispatch, while stricter regulations lead to more concentrated spatial layouts with higher energy intensities. The considerable overlaps between renewable energy installations and ecologically fragile areas indicated that the effectiveness of ecological regulations and barriers in preventing ecological habitat losses and human activity interventions needs to be re-examined. Through multiple spatial–temporal scenario projections, this study attempts to offer practical insights into the synergistic effects of the renewable energy transition on surrounding areas and emphasizes the significance of ecological regulations that may promote a sustainable and renewable energy transition worldwide. In this context, this study underscores the importance of promoting renewable energy deployment that not only supports climate mitigation but also aligns with ecological conservation, ensuring a more sustainable and ecologically responsible transition to renewable energy.

This study investigates the influence of urban events on social sustainability within transit-oriented development (TOD) zones, specifically focusing on areas surrounding metro stations. As cities increasingly adopt TOD principles to enhance accessibility and reduce environmental impact, understanding how public gatherings and events contribute to social dynamics becomes essential. The research explores how urban events affect public transportation usage, environmental conditions, and patterns of social interaction.

Data were gathered through a combination of online surveys, user-generated feedback from urban mobility applications, and environmental indicators such as noise levels and air quality. Quantitative analysis was conducted using SPSS to identify correlations between event frequency and transit ridership, while Python-based sentiment analysis provided insights into public perception. Additionally, qualitative data were analyzed using MAXQDA to extract recurring themes from user comments, revealing key concerns and preferences related to urban events.

Prominent themes included environmental safety, ease of access via public transportation, presence of families, and a strengthened sense of urban belonging. These findings suggest that well-planned urban events can foster inclusive social environments and encourage sustainable transit behaviors. Events located near metro stations not only promote the use of public transportation but also serve as catalysts for community engagement and interaction.

The study concludes that integrating urban events into TOD strategies can significantly enhance social sustainability by creating vibrant, accessible, and socially cohesive urban spaces. Policymakers and urban planners are encouraged to consider the strategic placement and design of events to maximize their positive impact on both transit systems and community well-being.

As regions around the world have transitioned towards sustainability at varying pace, the adoption of low-carbon mobility technologies like electric vehicles (EVs) remains greatly uneven. While infrastructure, costs and technological readiness plays a crucial role in adoption decision; people’s experiences, expectations and existing habits also shape mobility transition decisions. Given the urgent need to decarbonize the transport sector, behaviorally informed interventions can reduce the stickiness of existing habits and speed up sustainability transitions. Drawing on Bamberg’s Stage Regulated Behavior Change (SRBC) model, this study administers interventions based on the mental accounting framework (decision budgeting), using a vignette (hypothetical scenario)-based stated choice experiment. Such an approach can be particularly suitable for regions with very limited exposure to EVs or with underdeveloped charging infrastructure at present, as in several rapidly urbanizing smaller cities in India. Mental accounting principles were embedded in the experiment to capture how current psychological resource allocation-consumption mechanisms are associated with future mobility choices. The experiment was administered to 787 participants, aged 18-25, sampled through convenience sampling, and randomly assigned to a control group or three intervention groups. Using multinomial logit regression, this study finds that the violation of key mental accounting principles is associated with differentiated behavioral stages towards sustainability. Violation of the fungibility principle for spending towards necessity is 5.36–7.83 times more likely to be associated with the pre-decision stage, while those violating the fungibility principle for indulgence has a 59.59 times higher likelihood of being in the action stage of behavior. Violation of the labeling principle decreases the likelihood of pre-decision or pre-action, except when indulgence involves green investments, which increases the likelihood of the pre-action stage by 5.26–7.679 times. Such interventions based on mental accounting principles can help identify potential early adopters of EVs in the near future for presently lesser developed but rapidly urbanizing smaller cities in India.

reported to align with the global guidelines above (relevance to the eight national priorities, Greek Green Deal, "Energy Efficiency First", European Green Deal Risk Radar).

Simultaneously, assessing the desirable and undesirable results of upcoming systemic changes, differences between conservative (fossil fuels) and contemporary (heat pumps) energy sources are stressed.

In conclusion, a diverse range of solutions about renewable sources and smart systems through circular and blue economy is proposed. Indicatively, such means refer to thermal insulation, flexible heat pumps and electrification, prefabricated standardized panels for facades and roofs, PV and thermal solar systems, batteries, waste management (recycled vehicle tires, such as Ecoelastika), sustainable urban mobility plans, private cars with green hydrogen, electric vehicles' charging and parking infrastructure, local initiatives against climate change, and smart measurers, self-consumption system or virtual synchronized energy netting (digitalized innovations).

Results : •It is important to encourage a sense of unity and cooperation in relation to public administration factors and individuals.
•We must raise awareness for constructive contributions of recovery and resilience for a more sustainable and harmonious planet.

Conclusions : By exploring the deep obstacles that hinder free and just access to clean energy for everyone through detailed regulatory investigation and simultaneous examination of set goals and expected results, this research seeks viable solutions to combat climate and energy challenges efficiently.

Urban trees provide a wide range of ecosystem services (ESs), notably including carbon storage and sequestration, which are increasingly important in the context of climate change. Urban forests store carbon in woody biomass, sequester additional carbon during growth phases, and may release stored carbon back into the atmosphere after tree mortality. Moreover, urban trees influence local microclimates, air temperatures, and building energy consumption, indirectly affecting carbon emissions from urban energy systems.

The rapid growth of anthropogenic carbon emissions and ongoing urbanization have increased the need for reliable assessments of carbon storage in urban green infrastructure. Street trees, characterized by their linear and spatially dispersed distribution, require individual-level analysis, which is traditionally based on labor-intensive field surveys. Additionally, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s (UNFCCC) Paris Agreement has set a target to ensure the global mean temperature increase below 2 °C by controlling carbon emission. With this policy concept, quantifying carbon storage and sequestration has gained significant attention as a vital regulating service provided by urban green spaces.

This study aims to evaluate the ES of carbon storage provided by urban parks in the Basilicata region (Southern Italy). The dataset includes 803 urban parks, covering a total area of 4.28 km², corresponding to approximately 0.043% of the overall regional territory and about 0.12% of the region’s forested area. Individual park sizes exhibit a high degree of variability, ranging from 1.18 m² to 1.62 km². A median park size of 427 m² highlights the prevalence of small urban green spaces across the region.

Two complementary approaches are employed: 1) satellite-derived aboveground biomass (AGB) products from ESA Earth observation data, and 2) terrestrial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-based measurements of tree structural parameters. LiDAR data are used to estimate Diameter at Breast Height (DBH), tree height (H), and AGB, which are subsequently converted into carbon stock using species-specific allometric equations with For-est model. A comparative analysis of these methods will access their consistency, plausibility, and effectiveness of remote sensing–based parameters at different spatial scales. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through a case study conducted in an urban area of the Basilicata region, Southern Italy.

Expected results include quantitative estimates of carbon storage and aboveground biomass, expressed in biophysical and monetary terms (EUR/ha/yr) for both approaches. The final result will include an assessment of the consistency and applicability of terrestrial LiDAR-derived and satellite-based biomass estimates for urban street trees.

By comparing these modeling approaches and their ES monetary outputs, the study aims to support informed decision-making by identifying appropriate methods for carbon stock assessment and enabling comparison of quantitative ES values.

This approach will serve as a foundation for future assessments of carbon sequestration.

Transboundary water–energy–food (WEF) interactions present complex governance challenges, particularly in multi-country river basins where environmental, political, and socio-economic dynamics intersect. In such highly uncertain and interdependent systems, identifying key drivers and exploring alternative future scenarios is essential for developing a shared understanding of system behavior, reducing ambiguity, and supporting coherent and adaptive planning across national and sectoral boundaries. This study aims to identify and characterize the key drivers shaping WEF nexus dynamics within the Tigris–Euphrates basin, shared by Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran, through a scenario-planning framework informed by morphological analysis. The scenarios were co-developed with stakeholders from multiple countries and sectors to ensure that diverse perspectives, priorities, and knowledge systems were explicitly represented. A systematic literature review identified 27 relevant influencing factors, from which experts selected six critical drivers for future-oriented analysis. For each driver, at least five plausible future states were defined and subsequently evaluated by basin stakeholders using structured surveys to assess both perceived likelihood and desirability. These assessments enabled the development of a set of alternative WEF scenarios—including the most probable, most acceptable, and most desirable trajectories—illustrating potential futures for the basin. The results also enable a comparative analysis of stakeholder responses across countries and sectors, revealing areas of convergence and divergence in perceptions of future risks and opportunities. By integrating morphological scenario planning with active stakeholder participation in a transboundary setting, this study offers a rigorous analytical foundation for collaborative resource management and long-term strategic planning across the Tigris–Euphrates basin. A central achievement of this research is the creation of a structured, participatory framework for assessing the WEF nexus in a shared river basin, designed to illuminate complex interdependencies and equip policymakers from multiple sectors and riparian countries with actionable insights for informed, coordinated decision-making.

La Marjal de Gandia is a protected Mediterranean wetland characterized by high hydrological variability and increasing environmental pressure. This study quantifies the temporal dynamics of open water within the official wetland boundary over 2015–2025 using Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery processed on the Google Earth Engine platform. Water surfaces were automatically extracted through spectral index-based classification (e.g., NDWI/MNDWI), enabling the generation of an annual flooded-area time series. Historical orthophotographs from 2015 were used to derive reference land-use information and support training data selection, while land-use conditions for 2025 will be validated through field observations during 2026.

The study also analyses how hydrological fluctuations relate to seasonal rainfall, agricultural water management and vegetation cycles. The incorporation of multi-temporal imagery enables the detection of short-term flooding and long-term trends, offering a consistent overview of the wetland’s functional dynamics. By integrating remote sensing, land-use data and in situ verification, the methodology provides a robust framework for assessing wetland condition.

Previous studies indicate that open water in Mediterranean wetlands can vary by 20–50% across seasons and years. Preliminary inspection of Sentinel-2 data suggests that flooded surfaces in La Marjal may range from below 10 ha during dry months to more than 40 ha after intense precipitation events, consistent with patterns observed in similar coastal wetlands.

The expected results will support hydrological interpretation and conservation planning and demonstrate the value of Sentinel-2 monitoring for Mediterranean wetlands.

Rapidly growing megacities face the challenge of sustaining economic activity without exacerbating air pollution. This study examines Jakarta, Indonesia, to identify the specific traffic behaviors and time periods that offer the greatest potential for reducing pollution with minimal economic impact. Using a full year (2023) of traffic counts, air-quality measurements, and weather data from the city’s central business district, we constructed an Economic Activity Index and calculated the pollution intensity to measure emissions per unit of economic activity. Cluster analysis was applied to categorize hourly conditions into distinct traffic–pollution patterns.

Results reveal a four-hour lag between peak traffic volume (17:00) and peak PM2.5 concentration (13:00), indicating substantial pollution buildup. Heavy vehicles generated disproportionately high PM2.5 intensity, particularly in evening hours, while midday periods dominated by motorcycle traffic produced unexpectedly elevated pollution levels. Six characteristic traffic–pollution patterns emerged, with the “Congested Midday Mix” representing the most polluting condition. The association between economic activity and pollution was present but weaker than anticipated, suggesting meaningful opportunities for policy intervention.

The findings demonstrate that economic productivity and air pollution can be partially decoupled through targeted strategies. Recommendations include shifting heavy-vehicle freight to nighttime; accelerating the electrification of motorcycles and buses, especially for midday trips; and applying real-time traffic management during high-pollution periods. This framework offers an evidence-based pathway for megacities seeking to balance economic growth with cleaner and more sustainable urban mobility.

According to the UNFPA, India's ageing population is expected to reach 347 million by 2050. Despite these demographic changes, the urban systems continue to prioritise "planning for the car" and digital efficiency over empathy, accessibility, social inclusion, and human-centred design. This study introduces dignity as a quantifiable indicator of the urban ecosystem functioning, bridging sustainability, spatial justice, and the lived experience of the ageing population. By building upon available age-friendly frameworks, the research develops an assessment tool to measure how urban ecosystems collectively sustain or impede dignity.

The study focuses on Jammu, a Smart City under India's Smart City mission, with a higher life expectancy than the national average, as a representative case study of infrastructural modernisation, in contrast to the socio-spatial inequalities.

A mixed-methods design combines qualitative interviews with the ageing population (n~ 30) to capture their lived experiences with quantitative surveys (n~ 150) that operationalise these perceptions into measurable indicators such as mobility, accessibility, walkability, safety, social participation, urban green spaces, digital inclusion, and more. Spatial mapping and correlation analyses are employed to examine how these indicators interact to shape the perceived dignity and ecosystem functioning across Jammu's various neighbourhoods.

Findings suggest that dignity can be quantified and spatially represented through these determinants. In Jammu, despite progress in digital infrastructure, accessibility, safety, and citizen participation remain largely overlooked, resulting in isolated “pockets of inclusion” and widespread inequity. The proposed framework advances age-friendly design by (i) establishing dignity as an equitable and quantifiable construct, (ii) integrating subjective lived experience with spatially explicit indicators, and (iii) embedding dignity metrics within the city-scale Smart City paradigm by assessing how technology and infrastructure collectively shape older adults’ autonomy, safety, and dignity, rather than limiting technology to smart homes. This provides a replicable framework for assessing and shaping compassionate, inclusive, and truly ageless cities.

One of the biggest environmental challenges facing the world today is climate change, which has led to an increase in international initiatives to promote sustainable urban development, such as those run by the United Nations. The goals for eco-responsible urban areas and green cities have taken center stage within this framework. Through the planning and construction of multipurpose green infrastructure in the city of northeastern Tunisia, this study seeks to improve climate resilience and restore local biodiversity. The approach included surveys of residents, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) methods, and landscape feature analysis. Within this combined approach, three principal redevelopment scenarios were recommended in park "Sahloul 4" in Sousse, based on identified recommendations: (i) Climate Change, Renewable Energy & Recycling; (ii) Climate Change and Biodiversity; and (iii) Climate Change, Biodiversity and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The third option was chosen for implementation based on its overall applicability to both multi-functionality and ecological resilience. This proposal includes a suite of innovative design features: a botanical garden; water play; stormwater reuse; pet-friendliness; habitats for birds; and solar panels. This study finds that the integration of geospatial analysis and community-based approaches successfully offers a framework for designing resilient urban green spaces. The redevelopment proposal of Sahloul IV park illustrates how multi-functional green infrastructure can provide services simultaneously for biodiversity enhancement, climate adaptation, and contribution to the SDGs in Mediterranean urban areas.