This study to assess the role of non-state actors in protecting children's right to education within the framework of human security, focusing on post-disaster learning recovery in Aceh, Indonesia. The Aceh floods at the end of 2025 caused damage to infrastructure in a number of areas, including rural Aceh, which is difficult to reach. This condition significantly worsened the education infrastructure, threatening long-term human development. Through a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design, this study analyzes how NGOs and the private sector collaborate to fill the governance gap left by formal state mechanisms. This study uses a human security perspective in which education is treated not only as a pedagogical obligation but also as a key component of protection against human vulnerability. The study aims to assess the development of non-state actors' efforts within formal and non-formal collaborative governance frameworks to build educational resilience in disaster-prone rural areas. The results of the study show that non-state actor diplomacy facilitates the rapid mobilization of emergency learning and psychosocial support, which is often delayed in top-down bureaucratic responses. This study demonstrates the contribution of non-state actors in promoting non-traditional security by repositioning educational sustainability as a fundamental element of human recovery after the disaster in rural Aceh, Indonesia.

Abstract. This paper contributes to the interdisciplinary dialogue between philosophy, ethics, and social sciences by developing the Affective-Ethical Model of Conceptual Engineering (AEMCE). This model fills a problematic gap in conceptual engineering (CE) by preempting affective and moral aspects of societal constructs. While normative CE attempts to bring concepts in line with a moral and societal purpose, it often does not consider the negative effects that emotionally loaded concepts can have on individuals, including harm, marginalization, or empowerment. The AEMCE is a methodological synthesis of hard philosophical argumentations of high empirical validation, which is guided by the Affective Performance Test (APT). The hybrid instrument presented here offers both quantitative and qualitative data, which makes it possible to measure emotional involvement and reduce harm in various settings and groups. The methodological framework is arranged in four circles of repetitive phases, i.e., diagnosis, design, circulation, and evaluation, which are arranged in such a way as to warrant the continuity of ethical accountability alongside perpetual conceptual revision and metamorphosis. Empirical findings of a pilot application of the topic of stigmatized labeling of illegitimate children in Algeria support the ability of the model to transform harmful categories into language-neutral, socially inclusive terms. The results indicate that AEMCE fosters linguistic equity, social cohesiveness, and conceptual change with the help of emotional intelligence.

Since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, global modernization has rendered population aging an unavoidable demographic trend in both advanced and developing economies. Although this trend signals societal advancement, aging populations pose considerable challenges to economic vitality, welfare system sustainability, and intergenerational equity. Understanding how demographic aging structurally unfolds within modernization processes—and critically evaluating how different polities have responded—holds direct relevance for China’s ongoing policy formulation. This study adopts a convergent mixed-methods approach. Quantitatively, it analyzes cross-national panel data (1960–2020) from World Bank and United Nations sources, applying growth curve models to examine associations between stages of modernization and aging trajectories across G20 countries. Qualitatively, guided by a most-similar/most-different case selection logic, it examines national policy documents from selected modernized states. A thematic analysis is used to extract institutional designs concerning pension reform, long-term care, and older workforce participation. The analysis draws on intergenerational justice theory and welfare state typology to interpret the drivers and consequences of distinct policy choices. By situating China’s experience within global modernization patterns, this study identifies both universal aging challenges and China’s particular institutional and cultural context. It concludes by proposing evidence-based, context-sensitive policy recommendations for fostering inclusive and sustainable responses to population aging in China.

The Fundão Dam Collapse (FDC), which occurred in 2015 in the municipality of Mariana (Minas Gerais, Brazil), produced social and territorial transformations in the affected communities. Among its impacts were the destruction of schools, the displacement of students, and the reorganization of educational trajectories. In Bento Rodrigues, a district completely destroyed by the disaster, the school became part of the community’s process of deterritorialization, operating in temporary spaces before the construction of the collective resettlement. This paper examines how young people from Bento Rodrigues interpret their school experiences in the aftermath of this territorial rupture. This study is part of an ongoing doctoral research project in the Graduate Program in Education at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). Adopting a qualitative approach, the research uses narrative interviews as the data collection method. The analysis is based on three interviews conducted in 2025 with 18-year-old youths who experienced the dam collapse during their childhood. The results suggest a persistent tension between material reconstruction and symbolic belonging. Although the new school is recognized for its improved infrastructure, the school in the former Bento Rodrigues remains a central affective and community reference in the youths’ memories. The narratives reveal that young people construct meanings about schooling by articulating memory, territory, and lived experience, showing that educational processes extend beyond formal institutions and are embedded in the territorial and social transformations that characterize the post-collapse context.

Iran’s scientific community faces a silent crisis, manifested through persistent and interwoven barriers that undermine research vitality. This study applies Grounded Theory to dissect the structural, cultural, economic, and personal impediments confronting academia in Iran. Through in-depth interviews with eight PhD candidates experienced in Iran’s higher education system, data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding stages to ensure analytic rigor.

The emergent core category, “Challenges of the Iranian scientific community,” encapsulates the complex reality of scientific stagnation. Four interconnected dimensions arise as subcategories: causal conditions (e.g. funding scarcity, bureaucratic inertia), contextual factors (political constraints, institutional norms, and cultural expectations), strategies adopted (e.g. internal adaptation, selective collaboration), and consequences (declining productivity, brain drain, disillusionment). Beyond identifying these patterns, the study emphasizes how systemic and cultural dynamics jointly hinder innovation and international collaboration. It further argues that the sustainability of Iran’s research ecosystem depends on rebuilding trust, transparency, and merit-based evaluation within institutions.

The study proposes a conceptual model clarifying the relationships among these dimensions and offers policy recommendations for institutional reform, international engagement, and capacity building. This work contributes theoretically to understanding the dynamics of scientific decline and practically to designing interventions that may revive Iran’s research environment.

This contribution analyzes how digital embodiment, mediated by avatars and immersive devices, transforms emotional experience in virtual contexts and in the metaverse. Emotions such as empathy, love, anger, and fear are not merely transposed online; rather, they undergo a process of reconfiguration through the mechanisms of virtualization, technological mediation, and cultural hybridization. At the core of this inquiry lies the notion of embodiment, which is conceived not solely as a bodily transposition into a digital body, but also as a profound restructuring of the self within technologically mediated spaces. Avatars function as extensions and transformations of identity, thereby opening up new forms of emotional co-construction and distributed memory. The advent of technological tools, such as haptic feedback and artificial intelligence, has further augmented these dynamics, modulating affective responses and engendering conditions of emotional embodiment that serve to obfuscate the boundaries between physical and virtual existence. The work also underscores the ambivalence of the digitization of emotions. Immersive environments have the potential to facilitate unprecedented opportunities for empathy, intimacy and collective interaction. However, they also present risks of commodification, alienation and emotional fragmentation. The confluence of embodiment and artificial intelligence gives rise to significant sociological inquiries, particularly concerning the role of "digital emotions" in shaping societal norms and collective imaginaries. This contribution offers a broader reflection on the transformation of social life in the age of virtualization by placing digital embodiment within the sociology of emotions. The analysis indicates that emotions in digital environments are not merely residual or marginal elements, but rather, they are foundational components of the manner in which individuals inhabit, negotiate, and interpret technologically mediated worlds. The paper puts forth a critical agenda for the sociology of emotions, underscoring the notion of digital embodiment as a pivotal nexus where the politics of sensitivity and cultural practices intersect.

Rapid technological integration is fundamentally reshaping global economies. In the Moroccan context, an ambitious digital strategy is aiming to modernize productive economic sectors. This research investigates the implications of digital transformation on youth agricultural entrepreneurship, addressing both transformative opportunities and structural risks. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the impact of technology on the multidimensional construct of agricultural productivity by analyzing both material yield optimization via precision tools and strategic market positioning via data analytics and logistics.

Adopting a qualitative multiple-case study design, this research focuses on the impact of technology adoption on youth-led agricultural startups across three Moroccan regions: Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Fès-Meknès, and Souss-Massa. The authors initially conducted a systematic review of national policy documents. Subsequently, they administered 25 semi-structured interviews purposively sampled to ensure multi-stakeholder representation: 12 young agricultural entrepreneurs, 6 government officials from the Ministry of Agriculture, 4 private agritech firm executives, and 3 NGO representatives.

The findings indicate a positive correlation between the adoption of remote sensing and market analytics and enhanced business viability. However, the definition of productivity remains dichotomous; while young entrepreneurs prioritize market-entry strategies and value-added processing, institutional support remains focused on material production. Furthermore, significant barriers to equitable adoption persist, including a lack of digital infrastructure, a misalignment between education and agritech requirements, and a paucity of funding mechanisms tailored to the high-risk nature of agricultural startups.

This research explores the role of technological adoption in supporting youth agricultural entrepreneurship based on the Resource-Based View framework and Value Chain Theory. Recommendations include pivoting toward an integrated digital ecosystem, investing in rural infrastructure, developing context-specific vocational training, and establishing regulatory frameworks for ethical data governance. Ultimately, revitalizing Moroccan agriculture requires a strategic reorientation from viewing technology as a mere production tool to treating it as a strategic catalyst for entrepreneurial growth and sustainability.

Nowadays, it is increasingly common to see celebrities featured in political campaign materials, particularly in voter mobilisation campaigns. Through their fame and popularity, governments and campaign organisers aim to capture voters’—especially young voters'—attention and encourage them to participate in elections. To what extent does this work in a politically apathetic context? Does the gender of the celebrity affect its effectiveness? To answer these questions, two original surveys (around 200 respondents per survey), focusing on young voters (i.e., university students), were conducted in Tokyo, Japan, right before the 2022 and 2024 national-level elections. Young people in Japan have long been portrayed as politically uninterested, apathetic, or disengaged, as reflected in their consistently low turnout rates across elections over the decades. Consequently, multiple measures have been implemented, one of which is the employment of celebrities as “characters” on election campaign materials to encourage young voter participation. Cross tabulations and chi-square tests were conducted. Despite this strategy having been used for several years, our findings suggest that neither familiarity with the celebrities nor recognition of their appearance in campaign materials significantly motivated young people to vote or to learn more about the elections. However, young people who were familiar with the male celebrity featured on the materials reported a higher tendency to express interest in learning more about the election and the campaign materials. This study is one of the first that provides evidence of gender-based celebrity effects in mobilising young voters in Japan. It highlights the need for future research and policymakers to consider how celebrities of different genders may have varying impacts on voter mobilisation and on different age groups. Given the study’s small sample size and its sole focus on Tokyo, future research should undertake national surveys with larger respondent numbers to examine these relationships in greater depth.

Introduction: Historic-center regeneration can generate uneven demographic outcomes. While these dynamics have been widely documented in major Southern European cities, less attention has been paid to medium-sized urban contexts. In Logroño (Spain), the Casco Antiguo combines heritage-led investment and a growing visitor economy with concerns about habitability, housing access, and intergenerational decline. This study examines selective aging—the concentration of older residents, often living alone, alongside the outward movement of younger households—within the context of touristification and local urban governance.

Methods: A mixed-method documentary case study (2010–2025) was conducted. Quantitative trends were analyzed using municipal register data and official statistics on population structure. Qualitative analysis examined planning and regeneration instruments (e.g., URBAN, EDUSI, PERI), policy frameworks, and civil-society and media discourses. A triangulation strategy linked demographic change with policy priorities and contested narratives of urban transformation.

Results: The Casco Antiguo has experienced marked demographic contraction, declining from 3,978 residents in 2019 to approximately 3,000–3,100 in 2023. The area displays a pronounced aging profile, with nearly 40% of residents aged 60+. At the same time, registered tourist apartments more than doubled between 2018 and 2023. These patterns are consistent with broader processes of touristification observed in other European urban contexts. Qualitative evidence frames these dynamics as “expulsive”, linking short-term accommodation growth to housing pressure, reduced residential stability, and the displacement of younger households.

Conclusions: Touristification in Logroño’s historic center is associated with selective aging and growing intergenerational imbalance. The case highlights how dynamics commonly identified in larger cities are also reshaping demographic structures in medium-sized urban contexts. A right-to-the-city perspective underscores the need for policies that prioritize housing rights and liveability, protecting vulnerable older residents while supporting the retention of younger populations.

The study seeks to investigate how childhood and adolescent precarity shape adult voting behavior in Nigeria using a life-course cohort methodology. Drawing on nationally representative datasets—including the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2018), Afrobarometer Round 9 (2022), National Bureau of Statistics labor and poverty statistics (2000–2023), and Independent National Electoral Commission turnout data (1999–2023)—the study will construct a pseudo-longitudinal cohort model linking early-life instability to adult democratic participation.
A multidimensional Early-Life Precarity Index (ELPI) will be developed to capture childhood poverty exposure, educational disruption, conflict intensity during formative years, and cohort-level youth unemployment rates. Methodologically, this will entail standardizing and consolidating these indicators into a composite ELPI score for each cohort (born 1979–2003), correlating it with age-period-cohort and matching it to voting outcomes, and integrating geographical fixed effects to address regional disparities. Adult resilience will be measured through problem-solving capacity, social connectedness, and future-oriented optimism. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling will be employed to estimate direct effects, mediation pathways, and regional variations in voting participation during the 2019 and 2023 general elections.

It is expected that the findings will be extrapolated to explain other factors contributing to declining voter turnout in Nigeria, beyond electoral administration challenges or institutional distrust.
It is also expected to measure or provide an indication of the impact of cumulative developmental disadvantages embedded across life-course transitions.

It is expected to indicate the likelihood that individuals in high-precarity cohorts exercise political participation through voting and to measure their perceived political efficacy.

The study is expected to inform policy decisions and framework regarding a developmental-democratic policy approach that factors in youth stabilization, educational continuity, and employment generation.

Given the decline in recurrent voters, it is expected that the study will contribute to informing priorities for addressing structural precarity vis-à-vis political participation.