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Metals Webinar | Green Hydrogen for Clean Steels: Decarbonization of Hard to Abate Industry
6 Aug 2024, 10:00 (CEST)
Ironmaking, Steelmaking, Sustainability, Hydrogen
Announcement
We regret to inform you that due to unforeseen circumstances, this webinar scheduled for 6 August will be postponed until further notice. We will provide you with an update on the rescheduled date as soon as possible. Subscribe to this webinar series to get the latest updates.
Welcome from the Chair
I am honoured to announce the webinar “Green hydrogen for clean steels: decarbonization of hard to abate industry” which is based on the deep description of the main scientific and technological solutions aimed to reduce greenhouse gases emissions from the iron and steel industry.
Scientific interest in steelmaking decarbonization commercial and market value has encouraged researchers to investigate the mechanisms underlying iron oxides and iron transformations in an efficient and green way. Industrialists and researchers are both invited to contribute to this webinar, which will present a collection of contributions from Excellent experts with the aim of aiding newcomers in the field and updating experts on the state of the art.
Date: 06 August 2024
Time: 10:00 am CEST | 4:00 pm CST Asia
Webinar ID: 880 7004 2060
Webinar Secretariat: journal.webinar@mdpi.com
Abstract
Transport and Phase Transformations Phenomena in Sustainable Hydrogen-Based Steel Production
Iron- and steelmaking stand for about 8% of all global greenhouse gas emissions, which qualifies this sector as the biggest single cause of global warming [1,2]. This originates from the use of fossil carbon carriers as precursors for the reduction of iron oxides. Carbon is turned in blast furnaces into CO and – through the redox processes reducing iron oxide – into CO2, producing about 2 tons CO2 for each ton of steel produced.
Mitigation strategies pursue the replacement of fossil carbon carriers by sustainably produced hydrogen and / or electrons as alternative reductants, to massively cut these CO2 emissions, thereby lying the foundations for transforming a 3000 years old industry within a few years [1,2].
As the sustainable production of hydrogen using renewable energy is a severe bottleneck in green steel making, at least during the next decade (transforming this industry would need about 300 Million tons of green hydrogen each year, i.e. about 5 orders of magnitude more than produced around the globe today), the gigantic annual steel production of 1.85 billion tons requires strategies to use hydrogen and / or electrons very efficiently and to yield high metallization at fast reduction kinetic.
This presentation presents progress in understanding the governing mechanisms of hydrogen-based direct reduction and plasma reduction of iron oxides [2-5]. The metallization degree, reduction kinetics and their dependence on the underlying redox reactions in hydrogen-containing direct and plasma reduction strongly depend on mass transport kinetics, Kirkendall effects, nucleation phenomena during the multiple phase transformations, chemical and stress partitioning, the oxide's chemistry and microstructure, the acquired (from sintering) and evolving (from oxygen loss) porosity, crystal plasticity, damage and fracture effects associated with the phase transformation phenomena occurring during reduction [5-8]. Understanding these effects, together with external boundary conditions such as other reductant gas mixtures (including also ammonia [8]), oxide feedstock composition [9], pressure and temperature, is key to produce hydrogen-based green steel and design corresponding direct reduction shaft or fluidized bed reactors (with and without plasma support), enabling the required massive CO2 reductions at affordable costs. Possible simulation approaches that are capable of capturing some of these phenomena and their interplay are also discussed [3-8].
- Raabe, D.; Tasan, C. C.; Olivetti, E. A. Strategies for Improving the Sustainability of Structural Metals. Nature 2019, 575(7781), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1702-5.
- Raabe, D. The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys. Chemical Reviews 2023, 123(5), 2436–2608. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00799.
- Kim, S.-H.; Zhang, X.; Ma, Y.; Souza Filho, I. R.; Schweinar, K.; Angenendt, K.; Vogel, D.; Stephenson, L. T.; El-Zoka, A. A.; Mianroodi, J. R.; Rohwerder, M.; Gault, B.; Raabe, D. Influence of Microstructure and Atomic-Scale Chemistry on the Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen at 700°C. Acta Materialia 2021, 212, 116933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116933.
- Souza Filho, I. R.; Springer, H.; Ma Y.; Mahajan, A.; da Silva, C.C.; Kulse, M.; Raabe, D. Green steel at its crossroads: Hybrid hydrogen-based reduction of iron ores. J. Clean. Prod. 2022, 340, 130805.
- Ma, Y.; Souza Filho, I. R.; Bai, Y.; Schenk, J.; Patisson, F.; Beck, A.; van Bokhoven, J. A.; Willinger, M. G.; Li, K.; Xie, D.; Ponge, D.; Zaefferer, S.; Gault, B.; Mianroodi, J. R.; Raabe, D. Hierarchical Nature of Hydrogen-Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides. Scripta Materialia 2022, 213, 114571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.114571.
- Ma, Y.; Souza, R.; Zhang, X.; Nandy, S.; Pere Barriobero-Vila; Requena, G.; Vogel, D.; Rohwerder, M.; Ponge, D.; Springer, H.; Raabe, D. Hydrogen-Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxide at 700°C: Heterogeneity at Pellet and Microstructure Scales. International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials 2022, 29(10), 1901–1907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2440-5.
- Bai, Y.; Jaber Rezaei Mianroodi; Ma, Y.; Silva; Svendsen, B.; Raabe, D. Chemo-Mechanical Phase-Field Modeling of Iron Oxide Reduction with Hydrogen. Acta Materialia 2022, 231, 117899–117899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2022.117899.
- Prahl, U.; Jae Wung Bae; Kim, S.-H.; Matic Jovičević-Klug; Li, K.; Vogel, D.; Ponge, D.; Rohwerder, M.; Gault, B.; Raabe, D. Reducing Iron Oxide with Ammonia: A Sustainable Path to Green Steel. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202300111.
- Matic Jovičević-Klug; Souza, R.; Springer, H.; Adam, C.; Raabe, D. Green Steel from Red Mud through Climate-Neutral Hydrogen Plasma Reduction. Nature 2024, 625(7996), 703–709. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06901-z.
Event Chair
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Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Italy
Professor of Metallurgy, University of Salento -Author of over 300 papers in International Journals and Conferences -Deputy Editor in Chief of Ironmaking and Steelmaking, SAGE Publisher (the oldest international Journal in the field of iron and steel) -Marie Curie Fellow at Massachusetts Institute of Technology -Fellow of the Iron and Steel Institute -Fellow of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
Keynote Speakers
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Process Metallurgy Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Finland
Role of hydrogen in future steel production decarbonization
Timo Fabritius (Scopus h-index 30) is professor in Process Metallurgy and he acts as Head of the Process Metallurgy research unit, University of Oulu. His main research area comprises iron and steelmaking processes and use of hydrogen in reduction processes in metals production. He has published over 150 journal publications and 100 conference papers and supervised about 120 master's and 24 doctoral theses. He has been PI and responsible leader of more than 10 EU funded projects, many national projects and eith large national programs (total budget €21.8M) in the field of iron and steelmaking.
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Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, Germany
Microstructure Aspects behind Green Steel Making
Dierk Raabe is the director of the new Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials in Duesseldorf, Germany. He studied music, metallurgy and metal physics. After his doctorate 1992 and habilitation 1997 at RWTH Aachen he received a Heisenberg fellowship and worked at Carnegie Mellon University. He joined Max Planck Society as a director in 1999. His main interest today is to make industrial production of materials more sustainable, focusing on basic research where the leverage for CO2 elimination is particularly large. His specific interests lie in sustainable metals (specifically green steel and sustainable Aluminium alloys), physical metallurgy of metallic alloys, steels, hydrogen, aluminium alloys, atom probe tomography, machine learning, green manufacturing and metal combustion. He received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Award (highest German Science Award), The Acta Materialia Gold Medal and two ERC Advanced Grants (highest European Research Grant). He is professor at RWTH Aachen in Germany and at KU Leuven in Belgium. He is a Doctor Honoris Causa at the Norwegian Technical University Trondheim.
Registration
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Program
Speaker |
Presentation Title |
Time in CEST |
Time in CST Asia
|
Prof. Pasquale Cavaliere University of Salento |
Chair Introduction |
10:00 - 10:10 am |
4:00 - 4:10 pm |
Prof. Timo Fabritius University of Oulu |
Role of Hydrogen in Future Steel Production Decarbonization |
10:10 - 10:30 am |
4:10 - 4:30 pm |
Prof. Dierk Raabe Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials |
Microstructure Aspects behind Green Steel Making |
10:30 - 10:50 am |
4.30 – 4:50 pm |
Q&A Session |
10:50 - 11:05 am |
4:50 – 5:05 pm |
|
Prof. Pasquale Cavaliere University of Salento |
Closing of Webinar |
11:05 - 11:10 am |
5:05 – 5:10 pm |