2nd International Electronic Conference on Remote Sensing

Name: 2nd International Electronic Conference on Remote Sensing
Start: 2018-03-21T23:00:00
End: 2018-04-04T22:00:00

Part of the International Electronic Conference on Remote Sensing series

Welcome from the Chairs

Welcome from the Chair of the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Remote Sensing

22 March to 5 April 2018

It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Remote Sensing. ECRS-2 aims to promote and advance the exciting and rapidly changing field of remote sensing and contribute towards outlining the role of earth observation in monitoring the environment for a sustainable future.

During the last decade, we witnessed a remarkable increase in the number of disciplines and activities supported by remote sensing, with Earth Observation data being considered essential to most environmental monitoring activities worldwide. Indeed, remote sensing today is considered critical for addressing key challenges related to climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation, industrial pollution, natural and anthropogenic hazards (e.g. earthquakes, floods, landslides, fires), water quality and availability, weather forecasting and early warnings, renewable energy, agriculture, forestry and natural ecosystems, coasts and oceans, topographic mapping and, national security among many others. New missions with sensors suitable for a large variety of different applications, progress in computer technology, development of new advanced digital image analysis techniques, improved access to and availability of images (satellite, airborne) andin-situ measurements, as well as the establishment of global initiatives such as the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) are expected to further increase the use of EO data to an even broader array of disciplines.

Hence, it seems that the future of remote sensing lies in providing numerous types of accurate, current, and multi-resolution data and derived geospatial information products readily available for every area of interest.

ECRS-2 covers research in key areas of opportunity and challenge in remote sensing sciences, including:

New Platforms and Sensors
Big Data Handling
New Image Analysis Approaches
Applications
Product Validation
Operational Applications and Services
Open Source Data, Code, Algorithm
Posters: In this section, posters can be presented without an accompanying proceedings paper. Posters will be available online on this website during and after the e-conference. However, will not be added to the proceedings of the conference.

Participants in this multidisciplinary conference will be able to examine, explore and critically engage with issues and advances in these and related areas. We hope that this event will facilitate debates on theoretical and applied aspects of remote sensing, which will yield novel ideas to the field.

The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Remote Sensing will be held at www.sciforum.net/conference/ecrs-2, the platform developed by MDPI to organize electronic conferences and discussion groups.

Accepted papers will be published in the proceedings of the conference, and selected papers will be considered for publication in Remote Sensing, which is an open access journal publication of MDPI in the field of remote sensing (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing).

We are looking forward to receiving your contributions in this unique event!

Best regards,

Dr. Ioannis Gitas
Laboratory of Forest Management and Remote Sensing
School of Forestry and Natural Environment
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
https://fmrs.web.auth.gr/

Ioannis Gitas is an Associate Professor at the Laboratory of Forest Management and Remote Sensing, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, and an elected fellow of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. His research has focused on remote sensing and GIS applications in environmental monitoring, with emphasis on forest fire management and land cover/land use mapping and change detection. He has been involved in various national and international projects and has long experience working as a consultant in GIS/RS issues for national and international organisations, as well as for the industry. Also, he has served as a project proposal reviewer for a number of national and international research organisations. Dr. Gitas received his PhD and M.Phil. degrees in GIS and Remote Sensing from the Department of Geography, Cambridge University, U.K., and a B.Sc. degree in Forestry and Natural Environment from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. He is an Associate Editor of Remote Sensing and has edited special issues for a number of high impact factor journals. In addition, he has substantial experience in organising international workshops and conferences. Ioannis Gitas is currently the Chair of the Special Interest Group on Forest Fires of the European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories (EARSeL, FFSIG), the FAO Forest Resources Assessment, Remote Sensing Survey contact point for Greece, and is a member of the GOFC-GOLD Fire Implementation Team.

Sponsors

Sciforum is a platform maintained by MDPI.

Conference Chairs

Ioannis Gitas

[Not defined]

Sessions

A. New Platforms and Sensors
B. Big Data Handling
C. New Image Analysis Approaches
D. Applications
E. Product Validation
F. Operational Applications and Services
G. Recent Trends in UAV Remote Sensing
H. Posters

Instructions for Authors

Procedure for Submission, Peer-Review, Revision and Acceptance of Conference Proceedings Papers

Submissions should be done by the authors online by registering with www.sciforum.net, and using the "Submit New Submission" function once logged into system.

Scholars interested in participating with the conference can submit their abstract (about 200-300 words covering the areas of manuscripts for the proceedings issue) online on this website until 17 December 2017.
The Conference Committee will pre-evaluate, based on the submitted abstract, whether a contribution from the authors of the abstract will be welcome for the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Remote Sensing. All authors will be notified by 20 December 2017 about the acceptance of their abstract.
If the abstract is accepted for this conference, the author is asked to submit his/her manuscript, optionally along with a PowerPoint and/or video presentation of his/her paper (only PDF), until the submission deadline of 10 February 2018.
The manuscripts and presentations will be available on https://sciforum.net/conference/ecrs-2 for discussion and rating during the time of the conference 22 March-5 April 2018 and will be published in Journal Proceedings.
The Open Access Journal Remote Sensing will publish a Special Issue of the conference proceedings papers and accepted papers will be published in the proceedings of the conference itself. Accepted papers will be published in the proceedings of the conference. After the conference, the Conference Committee will recommend manuscripts that may be included for publication in this Special Issue of the journal Remote Sensing (the submission to the journal is independent from the conference proceedings and will follow the usual process of the journal, including peer-review, APC, etc.).

Proceedings Paper

Manuscripts for the proceedings issue must have the following organization:

First page:

Title
Full author names
Affiliations (including full postal address) and authors' e-mail addresses
Abstract
Keywords
Introduction
Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
(Acknowledgements)
References

Manuscripts should be prepared in MS Word or any other word processor and should be converted to the PDF format before submission. The publication format will be PDF. The manuscript should count at least 3 pages (incl. figures, tables and references) and should not exceed 6 pages.

Presentation Slides
Authors are encouraged to prepare a presentation in PowerPoint or similar software, to be displayed online along with the Manuscript. Slides, if available, will be displayed directly in the website using Sciforum.net's proprietary slides viewer. Slides can be prepared in exactly the same way as for any traditional conference where research results can be presented. Slides should be converted to the PDF format before submission so that our process can easily and automatically convert them for online displaying.

Video Presentations
Besides their active participation within the forum, authors are also encouraged to submit video presentations. If you are interested in submitting, please contact the conference organizer at ecrs@mdpi.com to get to know more about the procedure. This is an unique way of presenting your paper and discuss it with peers from all over the world. Make a difference and join us for this project!

Presentation of Posters
Authors that wish to present a poster only, i.e. without proceedings paper, can do so in section H - Posters of this conference. Posters will be available on this conference website during and after the event. Like papers presented on the conference, participants will be able to ask questions and make comments about the posters. Posters that are submitted without paper will not be included in the proceedings of the conference.

Submission of Manuscripts

Submission: Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.sciforum.net/login by registering and logging in to this website.

MS Word: Manuscript prepared in MS Word must be converted into a single file before submission. When preparing manuscripts in MS Word, the Electronic Conference on Remote Sensing Microsoft Word template file (see download below) must be used. Please do not insert any graphics (schemes, figures, etc.) into a movable frame which can superimpose the text and make the layout very difficult.

2nd International Electronic Conference on Remote Sensing Microsoft Word template file and LaTex template file

Manuscript Preparation

Paper Format: A4 paper format, the printing area is 17.5 cm x 26.2 cm. The margins should be 1.75 cm on each side of the paper (top, bottom, left, and right sides).
Paper Length: The conference proceedings paper should not be longer than 6 pages. The conference manuscript should be as concise as possible.
Formatting / Style: The paper style of the Journal Remote Sensing should be followed. You may download the template file to prepare your paper. The full titles and the cited papers must be given. Reference numbers should be placed in square brackets [ ], and placed before the punctuation; for example [4] or [1-3], and all the references should be listed separately and as the last section at the end of the manuscript.
Authors List and Affiliation Format: Authors' full first and last names must be given. Abbreviated middle name can be added. For papers written by various contributors a corresponding author must be designated. The PubMed/MEDLINE format is used for affiliations: complete street address information including city, zip code, state/province, country, and email address should be added. All authors who contributed significantly to the manuscript (including writing a section) should be listed on the first page of the manuscript, below the title of the article. Other parties, who provided only minor contributions, should be listed under Acknowledgments only. A minor contribution might be a discussion with the author, reading through the draft of the manuscript, or performing English corrections.
Figures, Schemes and Tables: Authors are encouraged to prepare figures and schemes in color. Full color graphics will be published free of charge. Figure and schemes must be numbered (Figure 1, Scheme I, Figure 2, Scheme II, etc.) and a explanatory title must be added. Tables should be inserted into the main text, and numbers and titles for all tables supplied. All table columns should have an explanatory heading. Please supply legends for all figures, schemes and tables. The legends should be prepared as a separate paragraph of the main text and placed in the main text before a table, a figure or a scheme.

For further enquiries please contact us at ecrs@mdpi.com.

Potential Conflicts of Interest

It is the authors' responsibility to identify and declare any personal circumstances or interests that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of clinical research. If there is no conflict, please state here "The authors declare no conflict of interest." This should be conveyed in a separate "Conflict of Interest" statement preceding the "Acknowledgments" and "References" sections at the end of the manuscript. Financial support for the study must be fully disclosed under "Acknowledgments" section. It is the authors' responsibility to identify and declare any personal circumstances or interests that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of clinical research. If there is no conflict, please state here "The authors declare no conflict of interest." This should be conveyed in a separate "Conflict of Interest" statement preceding the "Acknowledgments" and "References" sections at the end of the manuscript. Financial support for the study must be fully disclosed under "Acknowledgments" section.

MDPI AG, the publisher of the Sciforum.net platform, is an open access publisher. We believe that authors should retain the copyright to their scholarly works. Hence, by submitting a Communication paper to this conference, you retain the copyright of your paper, but you grant MDPI AG the non-exclusive right to publish this paper online on the Sciforum.net platform. This means you can easily submit your paper to any scientific journal at a later stage and transfer the copyright to its publisher (if required by that publisher).

List of accepted submissions (50)

Id	Title	Authors	Poster PDF
sciforum-015849	Design of a Lebanese Cube Satellite Ali Ghandour , Mohamad Abdallah Submitted: 23 Nov 2017 Abstract: Show Abstract	Ali Ghandour , Mohamad Abdallah	N/A	Show Abstract
Nanosatellites have drawn significant attention in research communities and industrial sectors due to their small size, ease of deployment, and relatively short developmental period. CubeSat specifications have been suggested as an effort to standardize nanosatellite mission design. Standardization opens the door for inter-CubeSat communications that can be used to form a CubeSat Cloud and mimic regular large multifunctional satellites with wide range of features, measurements and sensing capabilities. Lebanon and many Developing countries have not been involved in satellite/nanosatellite design and launch. This research paper will first present a Comprehensive CubeSat (CoCube) online database. CoCube database is created by collecting information from various resources including currently available databases, published research papers and disseminated information about various CubeSat missions. Based on the lessons learned from comparing various CubeSat design alternatives and components’ structure and analyzing the best practices of CubeSat development, LibanSAT design is introduced. LibanSAT is a 1U CubeSat that serves two main objectives: (i) greenhouse gases observation and (ii) educational purposes. LibanSAT is designed based on existing Components Off-The-Shelf (COTS). The rapid growth in the production of ready to use COTS subsystem made missions’ design faster, simpler and more effective. We benchmarked subsystems from various suppliers including ISIS-innovative solutions in Space, Nano avionics, Clyde-space, Gomspace and Pumpkins CubeSat kit among others and chose the most suitable products for our target mission based on cost, size, weight and power consumption. Lebanon signed the Paris Agreement of climate change in April 2016 where greenhouse gases are identified as the main critical factor causing global warming. LibanSAT mission falls under the greenhouse gases observing satellite category, also known as GoSat. The most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere can be clearly observed in the near-infrared band. As a result, the proposed spectrometer to be used as a payload is the Argus 1000 infrared spectrometer that is currently being tested as a payload in Canx2 and AlbertaSat-1 missions. LibanSAT project serves also an educational purpose to raise awareness about the importance of space research among Lebanese academic institutions (universities and research centers). Likewise, the development of this type of technology will ensure the progress of our country and can open the opportunity for other Lebanese universities to perform space science and exploration. Future plans include designing an educational prototype that serves as a classroom CubeSat where all subsystems can be introduced for university students. Finally, we shed special focus on communication security subsystem during LibanSAT design process. Due to the limitation in CubeSat weight, volume and power, we propose the use of a gateway mission which can be also used to route data between CubeSat Cloud nodes. The gateway is used as a firewall where all communication between ground stations and the Cloud will be handled by this central threat management entity.
sciforum-015949	The RADARSAT Constellation Mission in Support of Environmental Applications Mohammed Dabboor , Steve Iris , Vern Singhroy Submitted: 29 Nov 2017 Abstract: Show Abstract	Mohammed Dabboor , Steve Iris , Vern Singhroy	N/A	Show Abstract
The RADARSAT-1 (launched in 1995), RADARSAT-2 (launched in 2007) and the RADARSAT Constellation Mission (to be launched in late 2018) are three past, current, and future Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) space missions which consists the Canadian RADARSAT program. The RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) is the evolution of the RADARSAT Program with the objective of ensuring data continuity, improved operational use of SAR data and enhanced system reliability. Canada is developing the RCM using small satellites to further maximize the capability to carry out round-the-clock surveillance from space. The Canadian Space Agency (CSA), in collaboration with other government-of-Canada departments and Canadian industry, is leading the design, development and operation of the RCM to help addressing key priorities. The mission with its three identical satellites will provide average daily complete coverage of Canada’s land and oceans. The short revisit frequency of the mission (four day cycle) combined with accurate orbital control affords a range of applications that are based on regular collection of data and creation of composite images that highlight changes over time. The purpose of our presentation is to discuss the evolution of the RADARSAT program with an overview on the RCM and its characteristics and advancements over the previous SAR missions. However, emphasis will be given on the expected potential RCM will offer on various environmental applications, such as monitoring climate change, land use evolution, and human impacts on local environments. Examples include sea ice classification, wetland monitoring, oil spill detection, flood mapping, coastal erosion and others. Improvement addressing these applications is also expected given the advanced RCM SAR innovations, such as the availability of the compact polarization.
sciforum-015986	Radiometric Calibration of RapidScat using GPM Microwave Imager Ali Al-Sabbagh , Ruaa Alsabah , Josko Zec Submitted: 30 Nov 2017 Abstract: Show Abstract	Ali Al-Sabbagh , Ruaa Alsabah , Josko Zec	N/A	Show Abstract
Due to it’s Non-Sun-synchornous orbit, RapidScat is the first scatterometer capable of measuring ocean vector winds over the full diurnal cycle istead of observing given location at the fixed time of day. Non-Sun-synchronous orbit enables also overlap with other satellite instruments that have been flying in Sun-synchronous orbits. Rapidscat covers range between ± 51.6 latitudes and was operated onboard the International Space Station between September 2014 and August 2016. This paper describes process that combines RapidScat’s active/passive mode, simultaneously measuring both the radar surface backscatter (active mode) and microwave emission from the system noise temperature (passive mode). This work presents the radiometric (passive mode) cross-calibration using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI), to eliminate brightness temperature measurement biases between a pair of radiometer channels operating at slightly different frequencies and incidence angles. The GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) on the GPM Core satellite flies in a low inclination orbit, with conical-scanning dual-polarized beams. Since the RapidScat operates at 13.4 GHz and the closest GMI channel is 10.65 GHz. GMI Tb’s were normalized required before the calibration. The GMI brightness temperatures was translated using the radiative transfer model (RTM) to yield an equivalent Tb prior to direct comparison with RapidScat. Seasonal and systematic biases between two radiometers have been calculated for both polarizations as a function of geometry, atmospheric and ocean brightness temperature models. Calculated biases may be used for measurement correction and reprocessing.
sciforum-015748	Road Extraction from High Resolution Image with Deep Convolution Network – A Case Study of GF-2 Image Wei XIA , Yu-ze ZHANG , Jian LIU , Lun LUO , Ke YANG Submitted: 22 Nov 2017 Abstract: Show Abstract	Wei XIA , Yu-ze ZHANG , Jian LIU , Lun LUO , Ke YANG	N/A	Show Abstract
Recently, with the development of remote sensing and computer techniques, automatic extraction and update of road information is becoming true. Remote sensing images can not only provide the surface information in large areas, but also save the costs in human resources, materials and time. Additionally, the update cycle of road network is now much shorter than traditional method. Nowadays, accurate extraction of road information from satellite data has become one of the most popular topics in both remotes sensing and transportation fields. However, as there is usually huge information provided by remote sensing data, an efficient and accurate method to refine the data and extract the road is thus important in real applications, such as the road update and emergency rescue decision making. By combining the deep convolution network and image segmentation approach, this paper proposed a new solution for extraction road network from high resolution images. For doing this, a road class table was built according to the road design and construction specifications that made by transportation industry. Following that, the ownership probability of different road classes should be predicted through deep convolutional network at pixel-level and the corresponding task was then regarded as a specific image segmentation. In addition, to make the extracted road segments more realistic, a post-processing approach was also used to modify, connect and smooth the road segments. Experiments in this paper showed that, the proposed solution successfully distinct multi-type roads from complex situations. Furthermore, a more realistic road map could also be provided with a total accuracy of more than 80% in discriminable areas.
sciforum-016114	Determining Relative Errors of Satellite Precipitation Data over The Netherlands Qingyu Wang Submitted: 09 Dec 2017 Abstract: Show Abstract	Qingyu Wang	N/A	Show Abstract
Satellite precipitation estimates data are widely used for a variety of studies, including the hydrologic and climate modeling, weather forecasting, and agriculture management or extreme events prediction. However, satellite precipitation estimation is inevitably followed with errors which are caused by different factors, therefore it is essential to evaluate the relative errors of satellite precipitation data. A realizable method which can be used to quantify the relative errors in large-scale datasets is triple collocation. This method can objectively obtain the relative errors for at least three or more independent products. But before estimation of relative errors, the bias of the products relative to each other should be reduced or removed. This study tests the cumulative distribution function (CDF) matching approach which aims to reduce the bias among three precipitation products over the Netherlands. Afterwards, the triple collocation technique is applied to determine the relative errors of these precipitation products. The three precipitation datasets are, the Climate Prediction Center morphing method (CMORPH), the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) and the gridded rain gauge data interpolated from in situ rain gauge measurement data provided by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI).

Full List

Scientific Advisory Committees

Executive Chairman

Prof. Ioannis Gitas
Laboratory of Forest Management and Remote Sensing
School of Forestry and Natural Environment
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece

Section Chairs

Section A: New Platforms and Sensors

Adjunct Professor Vincent Ambrosia, Senior Research Scientist / Adjunct Faculty, California State University - Monterey Bay, co-located at: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, Bld. 245, Rm. 128, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, California, 94035 USA

Prof. Alexander Braun, Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queens's University, Miller Hall, 520 Bruce Wing, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada

Section B: Big data Handling

Prof. Mingnin Chi, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, 314-2 Computer Building, 825 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai 201203, China

Prof. Jón Atli Benediktsson, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Sæmundargata 2, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland

Prof. Mihai Datcu, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Photogrammetry and Image Analysis Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Weßling, Germany

Section C: New Image Analysis Approaches

Dr. Yuliya Tarabalka, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, 2004, route des Lucioles, 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France

Dr. Sangram Ganguly, NASA Ames Research Center and Bay Area Environmental Research Institute Bldg. 19, Suite 2031, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA

Section D: Applications

Prof. Mario Caetano, NOVA IMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and DGT, Portugal

Dr. Igor Savin, V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Agrarian-Technological Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

Section E: Product Validation

Prof. Jing M. Chen, Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Dr. Jesus San Miguel, European Commission, Rue du Champ de Mars 21, 1050 Brussels, Belgium

Section F: Operational Applications and Services

Prof. Iain H. Woodhouse, Edinburgh Earth Observatory, School of GeoSciences, UK

Section G: Recent Trends in UAV Remote Sensing

Dr. Kyriacos Themistocleous, Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Cyprus University of Technology

Scientific Committees

Norman

Prof. Norman Kerle

Department of Earth Systems Analysis (ESA)
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC)
University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands

kenvin

Prof. Kevin Tansey

GIS & Remote Sensing Group
Dept. of Geography
University of Leicester, UK

Dr. Yuliya Tarabalka

INRIA Sophia Antipolis
2004, route des Lucioles
06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France

Dr. Francesco Nex

Department of Earth Observation Science (EOS)

ITC Faculty, University of Twente PO Box 217

7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands

Prof. Clive Oppenheimer

Department of Geography
University of Cambridge
Downing Place
Cambridge CB2 3EN

Prof. Gui-Song Xia

State Key Lab. LIESMARS,

Wuhan University

No.129, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China

Prof. Daniele Riccio

Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology
Faculty of Engineering
University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy

Dr. Chandra Giri

Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis Branch
Office of Research and Development
United States Environmental Protection Agency, NC, USA

Conference Organizers

Chair of the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Remote Sensing

Prof. Ioannis Gitas

Associate Editor of the Journal Remote Sensing
Laboratory of Forest Management and Remote Sensing
School of Forestry and Natural Environment
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece

Scientific Advisory Committee

Prof. Norman Kerle, Department of Earth Systems Analysis (ESA), Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands

Prof. Kevin Tansey, GIS & Remote Sensing Group, Dept. of Geography, University of Leicester, UK

Prof. Daniele Riccio, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy

Dr. Chandra Giri, Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis Branch, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, NC, USA

Prof. Clive Oppenheimer, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN

Dr. Francesco Nex, Department of Earth Observation Science (EOS), ITC Faculty, University of Twente PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands

Prof. Gui-Song Xia, State Key Lab. LIESMARS, Wuhan University, No.129, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China

Dr. Yuliya Tarabalka, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, 2004, route des Lucioles, 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France

Adjunct Professor Vincent Ambrosia, Senior Research Scientist / Adjunct Faculty, California State University - Monterey Bay
co-located at: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, Bld. 245, Rm. 128, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, California, 94035 USA

Prof. Alexander Braun, Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queens's University, Miller Hall, 520 Bruce Wing, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada

Prof. Mingmin Chi, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, 314-2 Computer Building, 825 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai 201203, China