The primary aim of dental adhesives is to provide retention to composite fillings or composite cements. In addition to withstanding mechanical forces, and in particular shrinkage stress from the lining composite, a good adhesive also should be able to prevent leakage along the restoration's margins. With the recent improvements in dental adhesive, the behavioral characteristics of adhesive dentistry have received an increasing consideration. Nanotechnology created a new vision in the formation and evaluation of modified materials. The mechanical efficiency of nano-filler may in some situation be extraordinary to other filler size. The three-point bending test has been performed in the past by some researchers, for investigating the mechanical properties of dental adhesives. In these researches, the influence of inorganic filler particles of adhesive and composites on flexural strength and flexural modulus is shown increasing modulus with inorganic fillers.  This study evaluates that the incorporation of silica nano-porous (MCM-41) as filler synthesized by sol-gel method, into an experimental dental polymeric adhesive, improves the mechanical properties of the polymeric adhesive layer.Methods. MCM-41 filler was prepared by sol-gel method. Adhesive precursor (2,2-Bis[p-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)-phenyl] propane (Bis-GMA), 1,6-bis-[2-methacryloyloxyethoxycarbonylamino]-2,4,4-trimethylhexane (UDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propandiol trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) and ethanol) were mixed. Then, MCM-41 with different wt.% (0-5.00 %), camphorquinone (CQ) and N,N-Dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) were added to the above mixture and the mixture was placed under vacuum in a suitable temperatures.The resulting MCM-41 powder was characterized using FTIR, SEM, BET. The flexural modulus of seven adhesive systems containing different MCM-41 were evaluated by three-point bending test. Results. The improved properties of the new adhesive system might be due to the high surface area and high porosity of the MCM-41. FT-IR spectrum of the filler is shows the peaks corresponding to the MCM-41 filler structure. The characteristic peaks of Si-O-Si appear at about 462, 794 and 1076 cm−1. Also, the peaks of Si-OH located at 3100-2700 cm−1. BET-plot of MCM-41 show that filler is place in the nano-porous categories and BJH-plot illustrate this filler has a pore-size diameter 2.66 nm. SEM observation showed size of the MCM-41 filler, is about 37.29 nm. The results established that dental polymeric adhesive containing 1% of filler has highest flexural modulus.

We had reported microwave assisted synthesis of 2-(3-(2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) acetamido)-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-5-yl) acetic acid derivatives 7(a-l) by cyclo-condensation of (E)-N'-substituted benzylidene/methylene-2-(1,3-dioxo isoindolin-2-yl) acetohydrazide 6(a-l) with mercaptosuccinic acid. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using in-vitro and in-vivo models. The tested compounds had shown promising anti-inflammatory activity in both the models. The aliphatic groups (-CH3, C2H5) on thiazolidinone ring showed better anti-inflammatory activity than substitution of bulkier group (substituted phenyl and heteryl) on thiazolidinone when compared to diclofenac. The electron donating polar groups (4-methoxy phenyl and furyl group) on thiazolidinone ring have also shown good activity when compared to diclofenac. The selected compounds, which have shown better activity, were studied for ulcerogenic toxicity and have shown good gastrointestinal safety profile.

A series of 3-phenyl-5-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbaldehyde 4(a-j) was prepared by heating chalcones 3(a-j) and hydrazine hydrate in presence of formic acid. The synthesized compounds were investigated for in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity in Carrageenan induced rat paw edema model. Some of the synthesized derivatives exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity as compared to diclofenac, while some derivatives have shown comparable anti-inflammatory activity to that of diclofenac. All the synthesized derivatives were found to be potent anti-inflammatory agents. Some of the derivatives were evaluated for ulcerogenic potential and their ulcer index was found to be less than the standard drug diclofenac. The molecular docking analysis was performed to understand the binding interactions of these compounds to COX-2 enzyme. The results from the present investigation suggests that 3-phenyl-5-aryl-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbaldehyde as a promising template for the design of new anti-inflammatory agents.

We report the preparation of activated carbon (AC) using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as the activating agent from Pistacia Atlantic (PA) shell. The properties of AC were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption isotherm, low angle XRD and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The obtained mesoporous activated carbon has a BET surface area of 1728.78 m2/g. Methylene blue (MB) was chosen as model dye compound to evaluate the adsorption behavior. The best conditions resulted in PAAC with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 350 mg/g.

The neutral cadmium(II) complex Cd(HL)2 (H2L = 2-[(1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyleneamino]phenol) is chiral and it can be considered as a simple metallohelicate, with its corresponding Δ and Λ enantiomers. In the solid state, its helixes are hierarchically assembled as a linear polymer, via mutual N-H···O interactions between each two alternating enantiomers, and which also are π-π stacked, so this polymer is based on a by a dimeric repeat unit {Δ,Λ-[Cd(HL)2]2}.

New materials have significant impact on development of new methods and instrumentation for chemical analysis. From the discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991, single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) -due to their high adsorption and desorption capacities- have been employed as sorption substrates in solid-phase extraction for the preconcentration of heavy metals from diverse matrices. In the present work, a new method for the Pb determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) in urine at low levels has been developed. Lead was separated from the undesirable urine matrix by means of a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure using oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a sorbent material.

Today, bismuth based oxides, which have already been used as pigments and catalysts, are showing excellent photocatalytic performances. In this field, ternary bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX) are flourishing promptly. Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and sodium chloride were utilized to fabricate the product in a domestic microwave instrument. The SEM images showed the microflowers which were comprised of nanolayers with the thickness of about 29 nm. From energy dispersive X-ray analysis, its empirical formula was estimated to be Bi2.27O9.31Cl. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the peak at 567 cm-1 was attributed to the stretching vibration of Bi-O. Diffuse reflectance spectrum showed band gap energy of 3.5 eV for this compound. It showed a high photocatalytic performance in photodegradation of Rhodamine B.

Some N-alkyl phthalimides and saccharin derivatives are important in medicinal chemistry. These compounds can act as antipsychotic, anti-inflammatory and lipid lowering agents, among others. Furthermore, saccharin derivatives can complex with various metal ions, such as Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Pd²⁺, Cu²⁺. One of the most important reactions in synthetic organic chemistry is the conjugate addition of nucleophilic species to the β-carbon of α,β-unsaturated systems. This process allows the construction of carbon backbones it is very valuable from a synthetic point of view. Several attempts in the generation of β-amino derivatives have been reported and the aza-Michael addition reaction is widely recognized as one of the most important carbon-nitrogen bond–forming reaction in organic synthesis. Most of these products have special properties. For instance, the β-amino acids that can be obtained from aza-Michael additions between amines and α,β-unsaturated esters are attractive precursors in preparation of a variety of bioactive molecules and backbone of a variety of drugs. Moreover, the synthesis of β-amino esters has gained considerable attention due to the possibility of generate intermediates for the synthesis of natural products, aminoalcohols, diamines, β-lactams, β-amino acid derivatives and other molecules containing nitrogen. Thus, this reaction provides a simple and appealing route toward synthesis of N-alkyl derivatives of these compounds. In this work, we propose to study the aza-Michael reaction under microwave condition between saccharine and phtalimide with enantiomerically pure diesters of BINOL and TADDOLs derivatives. This methodology allowed us to obtain di-addition products of great synthetic interest with good yields and relatively short reaction times.

Hydrogels are macromolecular, insoluble polymers, capable of absorbing large quantities of water. Their properties make them widely utilized superabsorbents. Recently, a novel family of ionic solvents called deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been applied to prepare the hydrogels. In this work, poly(itaconic acid) - based hydrogels prepared by free-radical polymerization-crosslinking of itaconic acid in deep eutectic mixture with choline chloride, were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. The process of removal of copper cations (Cu2+) from aqueous solutions by the gels was studied. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models were applied to quantitative describe the metal binding.

The reactivity in Polar Diels-Alder reactions of 3-nitrofuran acting as electrophile join to several dienes of different nucleophilicity is analyzed using computational theorical methods based in the DFT theory. Electrophilicity and nucleophilicity indices, based in the energy of frontier molecular orbitals, were the parameters employed. It was observed that the pentaheterocycle suffer the cycloaddition yielding benzofuran derivatives. The regioselectivity was predicted using Fukui function and the reaction mechanism was analyzed. It was observed that there is only one asymmetric and asynchronous transition state between the reactants and the primary cycloadduct when isoprene is the diene involved, and two transition states when 1-methoxy-1,3-butadiene and Danishefsky's diene were used. The last observation is not common in this cycloaddition reactions and it would be based in the polar character that increase with the nucleophilicity of the dienes.