Fullerene C₆₀ is by far the most studied of all allotropic modifications of carbon. Chemical modification of the double bond over the years has led to the emergence of a variety of fullerene derivatives. These derivatives have now found numerous applications in medicine, materials, supramolecular chemistry, and as efficient electron acceptors in organic photovoltaic devices.

The main method for the functionalization of C₆₀ fullerenes, which makes it possible to obtain its derivatives in a preparative volume, is the Bingel-Hirsch reaction. But this method makes it possible to obtain fullerocyclopropanes containing only carboxyl substituents at the bridging carbon atom. Therefore, in order to obtain new materials, we began to study the interaction with organic carbonates in combination with Grignard reagents in the presence of Ti-containing complex catalysts. We hope that replacing the olefin in the Kulinkovich reaction with a C₆₀-fullerene molecule will lead to new and hard-to-find functionalization products of the latter. Organic carbonates were chosen as the object of study due to the fact that they are used in industry as solvents for natural and synthetic resins, cellulose ethers, dispersants, blowing agents, emulsifiers, absorbents of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, starting materials for the industrial synthesis of fibers and plastics, as well as as well as plasticizers, pharmaceuticals and plant protection products.

Organic synthesis plays a fundamental role in medicinal chemistry, allowing the obtainment of compounds with desired pharmacological properties. In this context, new synthesis methods are continuously being explored to improve the efficiency and sustainability of these processes, such as the use of ultrasound. In this work, the synthesis and structural characterization by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Ultrasound of 2-nitrochalcone derivatives substituted with electron-withdrawing (fluoro) and electron-donating (methoxy) groups in the three isomeric positions of the B ring are presented, using both a conventional method and a non-conventional ultrasound-assisted method. The results show that both methodologies are effective for the obtainment of these compounds, but the conventional method presents some additional advantages in the case of these nitrochalcones, such as shorter reaction times and better reaction yields. Chalcones and their derivatives are of great interest in medicinal chemistry due to their broad spectrum of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antimicrobial properties. The strategic introduction of specific substituents can modulate and improve these pharmacological properties. This study contributes to the development of more efficient synthesis methods for the obtainment of compounds with potential pharmacological activity, highlighting the importance of organic synthesis in the search for new drugs and therapies. The findings presented in this work can serve as a basis for future research in the field of medicinal chemistry, where organic synthesis plays a crucial role in the identification and optimization of new drug candidates.

Macrocyclic compounds, including macrolactones and macrodiolides, play a significant role in the development of supramolecular chemistry, materials science, the perfume industry and pharmaceuticals. In previous studies conducted by our group over several years, previously undescribed macrocyclic compounds containing pharmacophoric 1Z,5Z-diene fragments in their structure were synthesized for the first time, which showed high potential during research of cytotoxicity, apoptosis-inducing activity, effects on the cell cycle and mitochondria in tumors cell lines (Jurkat, K562, U937).
As part of continuing research on the development of methods for the synthesis of new unsaturated macrodiolides and the study of their antitumor properties, in this work, for the first time, stereoselective synthesis of macrocyclic compounds based on 1,14-tetradeca-5Z,9Z-dienoic acid and α,ω-alka-nZ, ( n+4)Z-dienediols (1,12-dodeca-4Z,8Z-dienediol, 1,14-tetradeca-5Z,9Z-dienediol, 1,16-octadeca-6Z,10Z-dienediol) in good yields. The method for the synthesis of new macrodiolides is based on the previously well-proven reaction of direct intermolecular cyclocondensation of dienedioic acid with diene diols in the presence of 5 mol. % hafnium(IV) triflate. As a result of the experiments, it was shown that the reaction between 1,14-tetradeca-5Z,9Z-dienedioic acid and 1,16-octadeca-6Z,10Z-dienediol in toluene proceeds within 18 hours with the highest yield of 76% with the formation of previously undescribed tetraenoic macrodiolides containing two 1Z,5Z-diene fragments in their structure.

Macrocycles represent an important class of compounds that are widespread in nature. Of particular interest to researchers are aromatic macrocyclic compounds, which, due to their rigid structure and unique physicochemical properties, can find application in many areas of science, industry and medicine. Previously, we synthesized polyether aromatic macrodiolides, which showed intriguing antitumor properties. In the work, Peyrottes S. and co-authors showed that the introduction of biphenyl or naphthyl rings, as well as triple bonds into the structure of the compounds they synthesized, not only helps to reduce the molecular flexibility of the molecule, but also increases the bioavailability after oral administration of the corresponding neutral prodrugs. Studies in mice have shown that the presence of two aromatic groups is well tolerated and has resulted in compounds with valuable properties in vitro and in vivo. [J. Med. Chem. 2013, 56, 496−509, dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm3014585]. Based on these results, in continuation of our research on the synthesis of biologically active macrodiolides, in the framework of this work, new aromatic macrocycles were synthesized, the structure of which, along with the 1Z,5Z-diene fragment, contains phenyl or naphthyl rings. The target polyester macrodiolides were obtained by Hf-catalyzed intermolecular cyclocondensation of 1,14-tetradeca-5Z,9Z-dienedioic acid with diols synthesized from dihydroxybenzenes and naphthalenediols.

Thiophenes are a high class in heterocyclic chemistry, they are versatile compounds with a wide range of applications in chemistry, pharmaceutical, and advanced materials due to their stable structure and unique properties. Among these, 2-substituted thiophenes, such as 2-acetylthiophene and thiophene-2-carbaldehyde, stand out as chemical compounds of particular interest for scientific research. These compounds serve as crucial scaffolds in the synthesis of new bioactive polyheterocycles due to the presence of the ketone or aldehyde function, which allows them to react with other compounds. Our research team has extensive experience in the synthesis of variously substituted thiophenes. In our research, we established a rapid, efficient, and environmentally friendly procedure to synthesize a new series of heterocycles containing sulfur and nitrogen. The first step involves the chloroformylation of commercial ketones into β-chloroacroleins via the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction, well-known in organic chemistry for their wide application in organic synthesis, followed by a two-step cyclization process to obtain 2-acetylthiophene in moderate yields. This 2-acetylthiophene is then used to prepare new polyheterocyclic compounds, particularly of the bis-thiophenes and thieno-pyrroles types.This innovative approach not only improves the efficiency of synthesizing these complex molecules but also opens new possibilities for the development of bioactive compounds with potential applications in various fields.

Heterocyclic compounds constitute a fundamental class in organic and medicinal chemistry, playing crucial roles across various biological fields. Their significance stems from their diverse biological activities, making them valuable in the treatment of numerous diseases.

Oxygen heterocycles constitute a significant category of organic molecules widely present in nature, underscoring their profound importance in scientific research due to their diverse applications across various fields. Coumarins encompass a diverse array of compounds known for their broad spectrum of biological activities, such as ; Antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities making them invaluable in medicine, pharmacology, cosmetics, and the food industry. The biological effects and potential applications of coumarins are intricately linked to their specific chemical structures. Consequently, researchers routinely engage in the daily synthesis of coumarin derivatives through several methods, including the Perkin, Pechmann, and Knoevenagel reactions, as well as the Wittig, Kostanecki-Robinson, and Reformatsky reactions. These diverse synthetic routes offer various approaches to obtaining coumarins, depending on the starting materials and desired reaction conditions. to explore their varied applications.

In this context, our emphasis is on the synthesis of 3-cyano-coumarin and its derivatives. This study introduces a novel and straightforward synthesis method that achieves these structures in a short reaction time. The method is validated through spectroscopic analyses, demonstrating its efficacy in providing access to these compounds under mild and environmentally friendly conditions, with excellent yields

Surfactants have found their application practically in the entire oil and gas industry at the present stage of global development. Surfactants are actively used in oil and gas production processes, in the transport and storage of produced resources and in a wide range of petrochemical and refining processes. The most interesting for oil and gas applications are zwitterionic surfactants. However, many of them are obtained using organochlorine compounds, with its negative effects on the refining processes. Therefore, the development and processes of the organochlorin free surfactants production are an urgent problem of oil and gas industry.

The fact that light organochlorine compounds are absent in the entire production process of amine oxides makes these compounds promising zwitterionic surfactants. Furthermore, the initial raw materials for their synthesis are vegetable and animal fats, which make them environmental friendly.

The laboratory synthesis of zwitterionic surfactant – alkylamidopropyldimethylamine (AADAO), as well as the analysis of final products, is presented in this work.

The synthesis products in comparison with the original amine were analyzed with the help of Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy on a Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS10 spectrometer and potentiometric titration.

Positive results were obtained in the synthesis of alkylamidopropyldimethylamine oxide. In the future, given optimal performance and favorable economic indicators, AADAO has the potential to become a highly successful viscoelastic surfactant in the oil and gas industry.

Imidazole, an organic compound with a five-membered ring structure composed of three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms at non-adjacent positions, is renowned for its basicity and nucleophilicity. These properties make imidazole a useful ligand in coordination chemistry and a participant in various organic reactions, including alkylation, acylation, and nucleophilic substitution. As a key building block in many biologically active molecules, imidazole is found in essential biomolecules such as histidine and histamine. Imidazoles represent the largest class of heterocyclic compounds. These versatile molecules are amphoteric, meaning they can react as both acids and bases. Imidazole derivatives, long recognized for their significance, have recently garnered significant interest due to their applications in diverse fields. These compounds exhibit a wide range of biological properties, including antitubercular, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. The extensive biological significance of imidazole derivatives has driven organic chemists to develop numerous synthetic techniques to produce these compounds efficiently. In this context, we present an efficient and straightforward method for synthesizing a variety of tetra-substituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions. This innovative approach not only simplifies the synthetic process but also aligns with green chemistry principles by minimizing the use of hazardous solvents and reducing environmental impact.

The research of new chemical compounds with medicinal potential is essential to address a wide range of diseases and pathogens that represent a significant challenge to human health and the optimal functioning of society. Among these compounds, chromones and their functionalized derivatives stand out due to their biological activity. The introduction of halogen substituents, such as difluoromethylene (-CF₂-) and trifluoromethyl (-CF₃) groups, can significantly enhance this activity due to their relevant properties such as high electronegativity, lipophilicity, metabolic stability, and bioavailability.

In this study, a derivative of 3-methyl-2-pentafluoroethylchromone substituted with a nitro group was synthesized through a nitration reaction in a controlled environment using a sulfuric acid and nitric acid (H₂SO₄/HNO₃) mixture. The characterization of the synthesized products was carried out using vibrational spectroscopic techniques (IR), electronic (UV-Visible) techniques, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of ¹H and ¹³C. Additionally, quantum chemical calculations were performed using different levels of theory to determine the lowest energy conformations, justify the stabilizing interactions through NBO calculations, and predict theoretical spectra to aid in the interpretation of the experimental results.

Preliminary results showed a 79% yield in the production of the compound through the nitration reaction and a good agreement between theoretical and experimental results.

Itaconic acid is a fatty acid that is produced by macrophages and monocytes in various organisms under stress response [1]. Also, physiologically active aryl itaconic acids such as phenyl itaconic acid are found as metabolites in plants [2] and bacteria [3]. Aryl itaconic acids are usually prepared by Stobbe-type reaction of aryl aldehydes with dialkyl succinate [4] with subsequent ester hydrolysis. The products of the Stobbe-type reaction are often Z-configurated, but mixtures of E- and Z-configurated compounds are also known. In this communication, the synthesis of 12 E-configurated aryl itaconic acids 3 is detailed, where the compounds are produced in a Wittig olefination reaction of substituted aryl carbaldehydes 2 with 2-carboxy-triphenylphosphoranylidenepropanoate, prepared in situ by reacting triphenylphosphoranylidene)succinic anhydride (1) [5] with methanol with subsequent addition of sodium methoxide, followed by a hydrolysis step with aq. NaOH. The work-up of the products obviates chromatographic separation. The compounds have been assayed for their antibacterial activity.

[1] D. Duncan, K. Auclair, Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 2022, 100(2), 104-113.

[2] A. Lao, Y. Fujimoto, T. Tatsuno, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1984, 32, 723-727.

[3] M. E. Migaud, J. C. Chee-Sanford, J. M. Tiedje, J. W. Frost. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1996, 62(3), 974-978.

[4] K.R. Rao, G. Bagavant. Stobbe condensation. Formation of fulgenic and itaconic acids. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 1969, 7(9), 859-861.

[5] R.F. Hudson, P.A. Chopard. 245. Structure et reactions du compose d’addition: triphenylphosphine – anhydride maléique. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1963, 46, 2178-2185.