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Phytochemical screening and in vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials of leaf extracts of Sida linifolia L. (Malvaceae)
1, 2 , 1, 2, 3 , 1 , * 1
1  Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
2  Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
3  School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University China
Academic Editor: Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde

Abstract:

The present study aimed to ascertain the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials of crude aqueous extract (CAE) and crude ethanol extract (CEE) of Sida linifolia leaf. The In vitro anti-inflammatory parameters assayed were phospholipase A2 activity, platelet aggregation, hypotonicity-induced hemolysis, protease inhibition, protein denaturation, and membrane heat-induced hemolysis. Also, antioxidant properties of the extracts were determined using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. Aspirin was used as a reference drug for the anti-inflammatory test, while ascorbic acid, gallic acid, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) served as reference drugs. All parameters were determined, following standard procedures. Phytochemical analysis revealed an appreciable amount of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, Hydrogen cyanide, Glycoside, alkaloids phenolics, and terpenoids. At the various concentrations (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 µg/ml), both CAE and CEE exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) high percentage inhibition of inflammation as the standard drug (Aspirin) and increased with concentrations. However, CEE was significantly (p < 0.05) more potent compared to CAE at all concentrations. The in vitro antioxidant assay showed that both extracts exhibited considerably high antioxidant potentials and increased with dosage. The ranges of IC50 values (in mg/ml) for CAE (0.64-0.92) and CEE (0.51-0.62) were close to that of gallic acid (0.47), ascorbic acid (0.32-0.50) and BHT (0.3). The overall antioxidant potentials of the plant extracts were strongest in CEE. These suggest that both extracts of Sida linifolia leaf possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Keywords: NSAIDs; Phytochemicals; Anti-inflammation; Antioxidants; Rheumatoid arthritis
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