Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 1753) of the «Kalach-60» variety is one of the most stable and high-yielding zoned objects. A comprehensive study of the species composition of microorganisms was conducted using standard microbiological techniques. 120 samples of stems, leaves and soil collected during such phenological phases of plant development as tillering, stalking, grain filling and ripeness were examined. We isolated 18 strains of microorganisms that were assigned to 6 genera of fungi and bacterium (Aphanocladium, Alternaria, Fusarium, Bacillus, Listeria, Staphyloccocus,) and 15 species, of which 1 are gram–positive rods, 9 are gram–positive spore rods, 1 is gram–positive cocci and 3 species of fungi. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that in various phenological phases, the greatest contamination of the wheat plants of the « Kalach-60» variety is observed by such bacterial species as: Bacillus drentensis, B. horikoshii, B. psychrodurans, B. halodurans, B. okuhidensis, B. oleronius (with an occurrence index from 70 to 100 %). Fungi Aphanocladium album, Alternaria altenata, Fusarium oxysporum prevails at various phenological phases with an occurrence index from 70 to 100%.