Pleurotus nebrodensis (Inzenga) Quél. is a species of edible mushroom that is much appreciated by consumers for its organoleptic characteristics. It was first described by mycologist Giuseppe Inzenga as “the most delicious mushroom growing in Sicily” (Inzenga 1863). This taxon, initially described as Agaricus nebrodensis Inzenga, has undergone several changes to its nomenclature and infraspecific status as "variety" or "subspecies" of Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél.. However, as reported by Venturella et al. (2016), P. nebrodensis differs from other taxa related to the P. eryngii complex. The presence of P. nebrodensis in Europe is apparently limited to Sicily in Italy (Madonie Park) and in Greece, where it is associated only with plants of Prangos ferulacea (Lindl.) (Gargano et al., 2011; Zervakis et al., 2014). Several studies have shown that the presence of P. nebrodensis in its natural distribution area has progressively decreased over the years. Research conducted in Sicily during the fructification period (April-June) of 2009 confirmed the downward trend (Venturella et al. 2016). The decision to include P. nebrodensis as an Endangered (EN) species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species was made to safeguard the existence of this important taxon. Legal action is needed to stop overharvesting and the collection of immature individuals in the wild. Experiments were done on ex situ cultivation to increase wild production and the mycelium was submitted to the Mycotheca of the Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Science of the University of Palermo for preservation. The in situ conservation strategy (picking of ripe mushrooms forbidden in Zone A of Madonie Park and harvesting of unripe mushrooms forbidden in other areas) can be implemented only if the wild collection is properly managed.