Rye (Secale cereal L., 1753) of the «Marusenka» variety is one of the most stable and high-yielding zoned objects. A comprehensive study of the species composition of microorganisms was conducted using standard microbiological techniques. 120 samples of stems, leaves and soil collected during such phenological phases of plant development as tillering, stalking, grain filling and ripeness were examined. We isolated 23 strains of bacteria that were assigned to 6 genera (Bacillus, Erwinia, Staphylococcus, Kurthia, Microbacterium and Psychrobacillus) and 15 species, of which 2 are gram–negative rods, 4 are gram–positive rods, 16 are gram–positive spore rods and 1 is gram–positive cocci. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that in various phenological phases, the greatest contamination of the rye plants of the «Marusenka» variety is observed by such bacterial species as: Bacillus halodurans, Erwinia carotovora and Psychrobacillus psychrodurans (with an occurrence index from 70 to 90 %). 9 strains of fungi were also isolated, which were assigned to 4 genera (Alternaria, Fusarium, Ramichloridium, Rhizopus) and 4 species. At various phenological phases, only one species of Alternaria alternata prevails with an occurrence index from 70 to 100%.