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Elemental variation of PM2.5 and health risk assessment at Delhi during north east monsoon and south west monsoon
1, 2 , 1, 2 , 1, 2 , 1, 2 , 1, 2 , 1, 2 , 1, 2 , 1 , 2, 3 , * 1, 2 , 1, 2
1  Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110 012, India
2  Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
3  CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110 012, India
Academic Editor: Patricia Quinn

Abstract:

This study elucidates the variation of PM2.5 at Delhi, during the northeast monsoon (NEM) and the southwest monsoon (SWM) of 2014-2019. The seasonal concentrations were observed as during NEM (2014: 178 ± 56 µg/m³, 2015: 125 ± 56 µg/m³, 2016: 71 ± 32 µg/m³, 2017: 144 ± 50 µg/m³, 2018: 77 ± 49 µg/m³, 2019: 83 ± 43 µg/m³) and SWM (2014: 61 ± 18 µg/m³, 2015: 54 ± 23 µg/m³, 2017: 37 ± 20 µg/m³, 2019: 48. ± 13 µg/m³). Further, the elemental composition was achieved by using wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF). During NEM it was observed that Na, K, and Br contributed dominatingly, whereas, Si, K, and Cr dominated during the SWM season. Moreover, the trajectory profile was adopted to study the long-range transport over the site. Major air parcels were observed from the Sahara Desert (SD), Arabian Sea (AS), and Bay of Bengal (BOB) for both seasons (NEM and SWM), thus significantly affecting the loading of mass concentration at the site Delhi. We have also calculated the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) of elements over Delhi during this period

Keywords: PM2.5, NEM, SWM, WD-XRF
Comments on this paper
Samy Anwar
An interesting study and I strongly recommend it. High-resolution numerical models (such as WRF-Chem) can be used to examine the ability of the physical models to capture the PM2.5 concentration during different phases of the monsoon.



 
 
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