Since 1996 the Fojanini Foundation has been undertaking a project for the reintroduction, after eight centuries, of olive growing in Valtellina (along the Italian Alpine boundary with Switzerland), by recovering abandoned terraces so to stem forest advancement as an indirect effect. This has been made possible by the increase in temperatures recorded in the last three decades in this Alpine area. In particular, in comparison with the 1977-1981 period, all the years between 1990 and 2021 in Valtellina were found to be in a range between 0.5 and 4°C warmer.

For the rebirth of Valtellina olive growing, a preliminary phase of varietal selection according to a bibliographic study and the consultation and analysis of historical data took place. Then the molecularly characterized planted varieties have been evaluated concerning physiological performances and olive oil characteristics throughout the 22-year-long study.

The varietal comparison to evaluate agronomic success, cold resistance, olive yield, and oil quality to identify the most suitable cultivars for the lasting development of alpine olive growing, may serve as a touchstone for overcoming the olive conventional limits even in non-traditional olive-producing countries.