The contamination of water and food with antibiotics residues poses a severe risk to human health and aquatic environment. The excessive and uncontrolled use of antibiotics is one of the major causes of their presence in the environment. Their continuous consumption willingly or un-willingly can result in severe health issues such as allergy, headache, hypertension, muscles pain, and hormonal dysfunction. Besides these, the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can make the situation more critical. Therefore, advanced analytical approaches over conventional techniques are required to detect antibiotics residues in a facile and cost-effective manner. Present study focuses on detection of ciprofloxacin antibiotic residues via fluorescent sensing probes. Here, different nanostructures were synthesized such as quantum dots (QDs), and their composites. For selective and specific detection of antibiotics, molecular imprinted polymers are coated on the surface of fluorescent nanostructures. The use of MIPs over other biomolecules (such as antibody, enzymes, and others) is highly promising that avoids any kind of pre-treatment of sample. The formation of these MIPs-coated nanostructures is confirmed by different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The performance of these nanomaterials and their composites-based fluorescent probes was explored for the detection of antibiotic residues in water samples. The results of fluorescent sensor are consistent with the results of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that confirms the favorable performance of developed fluorescent sensor for highly sensitive and specific detection of antibiotics in practical applications.