The presence of arsenic in the aquatic environment has significantly generated arsenic exposure causing various health problems. The adsorption process for removing arsenic from water and wastewater treatment is considered an effective technology. However, various influencing factors on the desorption and reuse of adsorbent are necessary to investigate for an economically and environmentally acceptable approach. In this study, magnetic carbon xerogels was synthesized by direct sonication for loading magnetite nanoparticles in sol-gel polycondensation onto resorcinol-formaldehyde gels, carbonized the organic gel, and induced surface modification by using hydrogen peroxide. Magnetic carbon xerogels were characterized by various techniques such as SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD, and FTIR. Dispersed particles of magnetite nanocrystals ranging around 15-20 nm composed on the carbon xerogels in crosslinking nanostructure. In addition, the pyrolysis treatment at 850 °C developed the texture of the material, improving the porosity and decreasing the size of the particles. The optimization of the desorption capacity was carried out with a Response Surface Methodology determining the most significant quantitative factors, which was the adsorbent dose. The arsenic adsorption data were described by the Elovich and Power equations of the kinetic model. Magnetite nanoparticles, organic gel pyrolysis process and surface modification by use of H₂O₂ had a considerable impact on the morphology and surface chemistry resulting properties of magnetic carbon xerogels and significantly influenced the adsorption capacity of arsenic. Moreover, the regeneration capacity of magnetic carbon xerogels was evaluated and determined in 4 sequential adsorption-desorption cycles, indicating the possibility of reusing the adsorbent and reducing the possible environmental impact.