Biological protection is an important part of the strategy of modern environmentally safe protection of agricultural plants from phytopathogens. The most promising in this regard are soil microorganisms, in particular representatives of the phylum Actinomycetota. Actinomycetes are producers of biological compounds of various chemical structures with antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor effects. The authors have a collection of microorganisms (120 bacterial strains) isolated from soil and water sources. When analyzing the isolates according to the morphological features of cells and mycelium, 25 bacterial cultures were selected from the collection. Studies of the ability to antimicrobial activity in strains selected have been carried out. Five cultures were selected that effectively inhibit the growth of some phytopathogens. The bacterial strains were identified by the 16S rRNA gene, and their belonging to the Streptomyces genus was shown. The analysis of antibiotic resistance to 80 antibiotics showed that most antibiotics inhibited the growth of the studied strains of streptomyces. Data on the physiological characteristics of growth were obtained: the temperature optimum of growth for all strains is in the range of 24–30°C, the optimum of NaCl concentration values for all strains is in the range of 0–3%, with the exception of the strain IPS92w, whose optimum range is wider and equal to 0–6%, the optimum of pH values is in the range of 6–8. The strains selected have biotechnological potential for the development of a biological product with antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic microorganisms.