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Agroecological fertilisation practices to improve sustainability and circularity in maize crop systems
* 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 3
1  Department of Agricultural Sciences. Faculty of Higher Education Cuautitlan. National Autonomous University of Mexico. Mexico. 54714. Mexico
2  Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Higher Education Cuautitlan. National Autonomous University of Mexico
3  Sustainable Biophysical Systems for Food, Agriculture and Medicine, Department of Research and Graduate Education, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (Zacatenco), National Polytechnic Institute
4  Department of Engineering and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Research Unit for Grains and Seeds, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Academic Editor: Daniel Real

Abstract:

Agroecological practices, such as organic fertilisation offer a sustainable approach to crop systems. In this research, organic fertilisers made from a mixture of nejayote (lime-water) and ovine manure were evaluated in maize. Several indexes and indicators were calculated based on field data. The results demonstrated that nejayote-manure fertilisers improve Soil Quality (SQI=14.1), enhance efficiency in nutrient utilisation (Increased Yield, IY= 4.2 Mg ha-1) and promote greater production biomass compared to chemical fertilisation. Organic fertilisations reduced dependency on external inputs and non-renewable energy, increased sustainability in maize, and facilitated the closure of nutrient cycles by integrating livestock, crop and agro-industrial systems.

Keywords: Zea mays L.; sustainability; circularity; soil quality; waste management
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