Particle characterization is critical in industries that are influenced by particle size distribution. Understanding particle behavior is critical for product quality control and manufacturing process optimization. Particle features, such as size and shape, significantly affect material performance and properties. This review paper examines the importance of particle characterization in many industries and focuses on particle size and shape measurement. The paper begins by delving into particle size and size distribution analysis, emphasizing the impact of particle size on material properties and the many methodologies used for particle size analysis. The paper then examines particle shape characterization and its impact on material characteristics. It gives an overview of particle characterization techniques and the criteria for selecting the best technique for a given sample. Particle characterization in ceramics, food, cosmetics, medicines, and metallurgy is also thoroughly investigated. Overall, this work emphasizes the importance of particle characterization in numerous industries and provides insights into particle size and shape measurement.