Prenatal hypoxia (PH) is a leading factor in the disorders of fetal CNS development and can lead to death or significant neuropsychiatric pathologies in children. Aim of ourstudy: to identify and evaluate the prognostic role of markers of neurodegeneration/neuroplasticity and indicators of endothelial dysfunction in the assessing the efficiency of therapy of PH damage consequences. In the experimental model of chronic nitrite-induced PH we studied the dynamics of markers of neurodegradation/neuroplasticity and indicators of endothelial dysfunction in offspring in the early postnatal period. The relationship between neurodegradation/neuroplasticity and endothelial dysfunction indicators and clinical characteristics of children with cerebral insufficiency after PH action was also investigated It was found that neurotrophic factors and heat shock proteins, as well as factors induced by hypoxia, are the key neuromolecules that have the ability to resist the mechanisms of neurodestruction. Dysfunction in the synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) may contribute to brain development with impaired neuroplasticity, leading to the formation of cerebral insufficiency in children after PH. Here we show the neuroprotective role of HSP70 and HIF-1a under conditions of PH. A direct correlation between HSP70 concentration, intensity of neurological disorders and the level of specific markers of neurodegeneration has been established. HSP70 modulators can be considered as promising neuroprotectors in the complex therapy of children after PH.