Introduction: In this work, a new solvent-based, environmental friendly (greener), and economically viable method was developed to detect allethrin in blood and urine samples. Allethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in household products to control flying and mosquito species. Regulatory bodies like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) thoroughly evaluate the products' safety before approval, taking into account factors, such as efficacy, formulation safety, and human toxicity. Approval guarantees that the goods fulfil the safety requirements, instilling trust in their efficiency and appropriate usage. Poisoning can occur on purpose in many circumstances, including accidents and suicides . Methodology: The aim of this research was to establish a green(er), budget-friendly, solvent-based method based on a Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid micro extraction method combined with a thin-layer chromatography imaging system. After the extraction process, 20µl extract obtained using the VA-DLLME method was spotted on a TLC plate and put into a saturated TLC chamber using ethyl acetate: benzene as a developing solvent (1:1 v/v). The developed plate was then kept in a UV chamber under 254 nm radiation and photographed by using an android phone. Results: This method was optimized for many variables, including linearity, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision, recovery, and enrichment factor in the urine and blood samples. This method was found to be linear, with ranges of 1-8 µg/spot in the blood sample and 8-16 µg/spot in the urine, with R2 of 0.9977 in the blood and 0.9926 in the urine, respectively. Under the optimized condition, the limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be in the range of 0.521- 0.079 µg/spot. Conclusion: This novel method of VA-DLLME coupled with a TLC imaging system was successfully developed, and further, this method was validated. This developed method can help resource-limited laboratories in determining urine and blood samples. Also, the proposed method was successfully evaluated for its greenness.
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Development of green(er) cost-effective solvent-based method coupled with thin-layer chromatography imaging system for the determination of allethrin in blood and urine
Published:
03 April 2024
by MDPI
in The 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxics
session Novel Methods in Toxicology Research
Abstract:
Keywords: Allethrin poisoning, UA-DLLME, VA-DLLME, Forensic toxicology, ImageJ software, Thin layer chromatography, Greenness
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