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In silico toxicity and ADME properties of new drug candidates based on the 2-quinolone scaffold
* 1, 2 , 1 , 3 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 1 , 1 , 2
1  Laboratoire de Recherche en développement durable et santé, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Gueliz (FSTG), BP549, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
2  Laboratory of molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
3  University of the free state Faculty of natural and agricultural sciences Chemistry department 205 Nelson Mandela, Bloemfontein, 9301, Republic of South Africa
4  Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
5  ICGM, UMR5253 1919, Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
Academic Editor: Youssef Sari

Abstract:

The development of new therapeutic compounds is of great importance today due to the growing challenge of drug resistance. However, this process is complex, expensive, and time-consuming. Recently, in silico methods have been widely used to predict the toxicity of drug candidates and analyze their properties, such as Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME), in a virtual environment, saving time and resources. This computational approach allows comprehensive evaluation of potential adverse effects and toxicity risks, enabling researchers to prioritize compounds with favorable safety profiles early in the development stage. In this study, we present an assessment of the ADME properties and toxicity of two novel hybrid molecules A and B incorporating 2-quinolone, 1,2,3-triazole and benzimidazole moieties in one scaffold, both displaying higher potency against E. coli compared to ampicillin. In terms of pharmacokinetics, compounds A and B have high gastrointestinal absorption and demonstrated a non-blood-brain barrier permanent, indicating low risk of neurological side effects. The in silico toxicity prediction showed that hybrids A and B are not cytotoxic nor carcinogenic, and don’t interact with mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Nevertheless, both compounds were predicted to be mildly hepatotoxic and mutagenic with probabilities of 0.50-0.52. Moreover, A and B were found to be immunotoxic with the probability score of 0.97. Additionally, the tested derivatives A and B showed LD50 with 1000 mg/kg and thus belong to class IV in toxicity. The results obtained provide a foundation for advancing further research and the development of innovative antibiotic drugs with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.

Keywords: Toxicity; ADME; drug; quinolone

 
 
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