ABSTRACT

The field of "green chemistry," which is comparatively new, encourages the application of a set of standards to reduce the consumption of chemicals and their production. Because of this, using eco-friendly technology benefits ecosystems more than using industrial labor does. There is a growing trend in the use of plant extracts as an environmentally friendly and less expensive substitute for conventional techniques in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. In the present investigation, metallic titanium dioxide nanoparticles were biosynthesized using an aqueous leaf extract of Leucas cephalotes. Plants have a restricting and capping impact. We employed real-time monitoring of the biosynthesized nanoparticles using an ultraviolet spectrophotometric analysis. It was possible to see the formation of metallic nanoparticles and articles because the addition of the leaf extract caused a discernible color shift. We employed a number of techniques to obtain additional insight into the nanoparticles, including zeta potential energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The SEM scan indicates that the titanium dioxide nanoparticles are spherical and range in size from 10 to 100 nm. The artificial TiO₂NPs' anatase crystalline structure was confirmed by the XRD examination. The constituent elements and functional groups of the nanoparticles have been determined by the results of the FTIR and EDAX analysis. Assessments of the produced TiO₂NPs' anticancer efficacy in MCF-7 (breast cancer), HeLa (human embryonic lung cancer), PC-3 (prostate cancer), and A549 (lung cancer) were conducted using the MTT and MTS assay. Furthermore, investigations have demonstrated the excellent activity of synthesized TiO₂NPs against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus and no impact against yeast (Candida albicans).